Surgical retractors are hand-held surgical instruments which are vigorously used by the surgeon during the surgical procedure. This is a simple steel tool which has the curvy or angled blade at one end with a handle to hold it comfortably. Surgical retractors are also referred to as a surgical detractor. Surgical retractors are used to separate the edges of surgical incision or wounds; in addition, it is also used to hold the back of tissue or organ. These instruments are used by hand or by the robotic method to perform the surgical procedure. Besides handheld, the surgical retractor is also of self-retaining type.
Based on the Spine Surgical Retractors market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.
In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.
Key players in the global Spine Surgical Retractors market covered in Chapter 5:
Medfix International
Artisan Medical Devices
Symmetry Surgical
SpineCraft
Millennium Surgical
IN’TECH MEDICAL
In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Spine Surgical Retractors market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Hand-held
Self-retaining
Table-mounted
Wire
In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Spine Surgical Retractors market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Anterior Cervical
Lateral Cervical
Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar
Other Spine Surgeries
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa
Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025
Table of Content 1 Market Overview 1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics 1.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Size 1.3 Market Segmentation 1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis 1.5 SWOT Analysis 2. Market Dynamics 2.1 Market Drivers 2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges 2.3 Emerging Market Trends 2.4 Impact of COVID-192.4.1 Short-term Impact 2.4.2 Long-term Impact 3 Associated Industry Assessment 3.1 Supply Chain Analysis 3.2 Industry Active Participants3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials 3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers 3.3 Alternative Analysis 3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain 4 Market Competitive Landscape 4.1 Industry Leading Players 4.2 Industry News4.2.1 Key Product Launch News 4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans 5 Analysis of Leading Companies 5.1 Medfix International5.1.1 Medfix International Company Profile 5.1.2 Medfix International Business Overview 5.1.3 Medfix International Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 5.1.4 Medfix International Spine Surgical Retractors Products Introduction 5.2 Artisan Medical Devices5.2.1 Artisan Medical Devices Company Profile 5.2.2 Artisan Medical Devices Business Overview 5.2.3 Artisan Medical Devices Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 5.2.4 Artisan Medical Devices Spine Surgical Retractors Products Introduction 5.3 Symmetry Surgical5.3.1 Symmetry Surgical Company Profile 5.3.2 Symmetry Surgical Business Overview 5.3.3 Symmetry Surgical Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 5.3.4 Symmetry Surgical Spine Surgical Retractors Products Introduction 5.4 SpineCraft5.4.1 SpineCraft Company Profile 5.4.2 SpineCraft Business Overview 5.4.3 SpineCraft Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 5.4.4 SpineCraft Spine Surgical Retractors Products Introduction 5.5 Millennium Surgical5.5.1 Millennium Surgical Company Profile 5.5.2 Millennium Surgical Business Overview 5.5.3 Millennium Surgical Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 5.5.4 Millennium Surgical Spine Surgical Retractors Products Introduction 5.6 IN’TECH MEDICAL5.6.1 IN’TECH MEDICAL Company Profile 5.6.2 IN’TECH MEDICAL Business Overview 5.6.3 IN’TECH MEDICAL Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 5.6.4 IN’TECH MEDICAL Spine Surgical Retractors Products Introduction 6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types 6.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)6.1.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020) 6.1.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020) 6.1.3 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Price by Types (2015-2020) 6.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)6.2.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025) 6.2.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025) 6.3 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)6.3.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Hand-held 6.3.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Self-retaining 6.3.3 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Table-mounted 6.3.4 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Wire 6.4 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)6.4.1 Hand-held Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 6.4.2 Self-retaining Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 6.4.3 Table-mounted Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 6.4.4 Wire Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications 7.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)7.1.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 7.1.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 7.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)7.2.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025) 7.2.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025) 7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)7.3.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Anterior Cervical (2015-2020) 7.3.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Lateral Cervical (2015-2020) 7.3.3 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar (2015-2020) 7.3.4 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Other Spine Surgeries (2015-2020) 7.4 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)7.4.1 Anterior Cervical Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 7.4.2 Lateral Cervical Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 7.4.3 Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 7.4.4 Other Spine Surgeries Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025) 8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions 8.1 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales by Regions (2015-2020) 8.2 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) 8.3 Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025) 9 North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis 9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis 9.2 North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.3 North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 9.4 North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast 9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market 9.6 North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis by Country9.6.1 U.S. Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 9.6.2 Canada Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 9.6.3 Mexico Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 10 Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis 10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis 10.2 Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.3 Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 10.4 Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast 10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market 10.6 Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis by Country10.6.1 Germany Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 10.6.2 United Kingdom Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 10.6.3 France Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 10.6.4 Italy Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 10.6.5 Spain Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 10.6.6 Russia Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 11 Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis 11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis 11.2 Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.3 Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 11.4 Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast 11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market 11.6 Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis by Country11.6.1 China Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 11.6.2 Japan Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 11.6.3 South Korea Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 11.6.4 Australia Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 11.6.5 India Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 12 South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis 12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis 12.2 South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.3 South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.4 South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast 12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market 12.6 South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis by Country12.6.1 Brazil Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 12.6.2 Argentina Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 12.6.3 Columbia Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 13 Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis 13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis 13.2 Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 13.3 Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 13.4 Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast 13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market 13.6 Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Analysis by Country13.6.1 UAE Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 13.6.2 Egypt Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 13.6.3 South Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate 14 Conclusions and Recommendations 14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects 14.2 Advice for Investors 15 Appendix 15.1 Methodology 15.2 Research Data Source List of Tables and Figures Figure Product Picture Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025 Table Spine Surgical Retractors Key Market Segments Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020 Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020 Table SWOT Analysis Figure Global COVID-19 Status Figure Supply Chain Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Spine Surgical Retractors Table Major Players Revenue in 2019 Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019 Table Medfix International Company Profile Table Medfix International Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) Figure Medfix International Production and Growth Rate Figure Medfix International Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Artisan Medical Devices Company Profile Table Artisan Medical Devices Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) Figure Artisan Medical Devices Production and Growth Rate Figure Artisan Medical Devices Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Symmetry Surgical Company Profile Table Symmetry Surgical Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) Figure Symmetry Surgical Production and Growth Rate Figure Symmetry Surgical Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table SpineCraft Company Profile Table SpineCraft Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) Figure SpineCraft Production and Growth Rate Figure SpineCraft Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Millennium Surgical Company Profile Table Millennium Surgical Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) Figure Millennium Surgical Production and Growth Rate Figure Millennium Surgical Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table IN’TECH MEDICAL Company Profile Table IN’TECH MEDICAL Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) Figure IN’TECH MEDICAL Production and Growth Rate Figure IN’TECH MEDICAL Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020 Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales by Types (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales Share by Types (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Price ($) by Types (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025) Figure Global Hand-held Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Hand-held Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Self-retaining Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Self-retaining Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Table-mounted Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Table-mounted Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Wire Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Wire Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Hand-held (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Hand-held (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Self-retaining (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Self-retaining (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Table-mounted (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Table-mounted (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Wire (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Wire (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales by Applications (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025) Figure Global Anterior Cervical Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Anterior Cervical Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Lateral Cervical Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Lateral Cervical Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Other Spine Surgeries Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Other Spine Surgeries Price (2015-2020) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Anterior Cervical (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Anterior Cervical (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Lateral Cervical (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Lateral Cervical (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Transforaminal / Oblique Lumbar (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Other Spine Surgeries (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Other Spine Surgeries (2020-2025) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Figure Global Spine Surgical Retractors Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019 Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025) Table Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025) Figure North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025) Figure North America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025) Figure North America COVID-19 Status Figure U.S. Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Canada Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Mexico Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025) Figure Europe Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025) Figure Europe COVID-19 Status Figure Germany Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure United Kingdom Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure France Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Italy Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Spain Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Russia Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025) Figure Asia-Pacific Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025) Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status Figure China Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Japan Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South Korea Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Australia Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure India Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025) Figure South America Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025) Figure Brazil Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Argentina Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Columbia Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025) Figure Middle East and Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025) Figure UAE Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Egypt Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South Africa Spine Surgical Retractors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Summary: Get latest Market Research Reports on Spine Surgical Retractors. Industry analysis & Market Report on Spine Surgical Retractors is a syndicated market report, published as Global Spine Surgical Retractors Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery. It is complete Research Study and Industry Analysis of Spine Surgical Retractors market, to understand, Market Demand, Growth, trends analysis and Factor Influencing market.
Last updated on 21 December, 2021