Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

Table of Content

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
• 1.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Size
• 1.3 Market Segmentation
• 1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
• 1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics

• 2.1 Market Drivers
• 2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
• 2.3 Emerging Market Trends
• 2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  • 2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  • 2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment

• 3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
• 3.2 Industry Active Participants
  • 3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  • 3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
• 3.3 Alternative Analysis
• 3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape

• 4.1 Industry Leading Players
• 4.2 Industry News
  • 4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  • 4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies

• 5.1 Intuitive Surgical, Inc.
  • 5.1.1 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Company Profile
  • 5.1.2 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Business Overview
  • 5.1.3 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.1.4 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.2 TINA VI Medical Technologies
  • 5.2.1 TINA VI Medical Technologies Company Profile
  • 5.2.2 TINA VI Medical Technologies Business Overview
  • 5.2.3 TINA VI Medical Technologies Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.2.4 TINA VI Medical Technologies Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.3 Alliance Spine LLC
  • 5.3.1 Alliance Spine LLC Company Profile
  • 5.3.2 Alliance Spine LLC Business Overview
  • 5.3.3 Alliance Spine LLC Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.3.4 Alliance Spine LLC Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.4 Spineology Inc.
  • 5.4.1 Spineology Inc. Company Profile
  • 5.4.2 Spineology Inc. Business Overview
  • 5.4.3 Spineology Inc. Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.4.4 Spineology Inc. Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.5 Medtech S.A
  • 5.5.1 Medtech S.A Company Profile
  • 5.5.2 Medtech S.A Business Overview
  • 5.5.3 Medtech S.A Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.5.4 Medtech S.A Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.6 Mazor Robotics Ltd
  • 5.6.1 Mazor Robotics Ltd Company Profile
  • 5.6.2 Mazor Robotics Ltd Business Overview
  • 5.6.3 Mazor Robotics Ltd Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.6.4 Mazor Robotics Ltd Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.7 Medtech S.A
  • 5.7.1 Medtech S.A Company Profile
  • 5.7.2 Medtech S.A Business Overview
  • 5.7.3 Medtech S.A Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.7.4 Medtech S.A Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.8 Globus Medical
  • 5.8.1 Globus Medical Company Profile
  • 5.8.2 Globus Medical Business Overview
  • 5.8.3 Globus Medical Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.8.4 Globus Medical Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.9 SpineFrontier, Inc.
  • 5.9.1 SpineFrontier, Inc. Company Profile
  • 5.9.2 SpineFrontier, Inc. Business Overview
  • 5.9.3 SpineFrontier, Inc. Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.9.4 SpineFrontier, Inc. Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.10 Mazor Robotics
  • 5.10.1 Mazor Robotics Company Profile
  • 5.10.2 Mazor Robotics Business Overview
  • 5.10.3 Mazor Robotics Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.10.4 Mazor Robotics Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction
• 5.11 Kuka AG
  • 5.11.1 Kuka AG Company Profile
  • 5.11.2 Kuka AG Business Overview
  • 5.11.3 Kuka AG Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.11.4 Kuka AG Spinal Surgical Robots Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

• 6.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.3 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Price by Types (2015-2020)
• 6.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
• 6.3 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.3.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Separate System
  • 6.3.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Combining System
• 6.4 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.1 Separate System Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.2 Combining System Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

• 7.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
• 7.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
• 7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Disc Replacement (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Spine Fusion (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.3 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Other (2015-2020)
• 7.4 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.1 Disc Replacement Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.2 Spine Fusion Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.3 Other Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

• 8.1 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.2 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.3 Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis

• 9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 9.2 North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.3 North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.4 North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast
• 9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
• 9.6 North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis by Country
  • 9.6.1 U.S. Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.2 Canada Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.3 Mexico Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis

• 10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 10.2 Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.3 Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.4 Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast
• 10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
• 10.6 Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis by Country
  • 10.6.1 Germany Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.2 United Kingdom Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.3 France Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.4 Italy Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.5 Spain Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.6 Russia Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis

• 11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 11.2 Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.3 Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.4 Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast
• 11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
• 11.6 Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis by Country
  • 11.6.1 China Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.2 Japan Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.3 South Korea Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.4 Australia Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.5 India Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis

• 12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 12.2 South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.3 South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.4 South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast
• 12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
• 12.6 South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis by Country
  • 12.6.1 Brazil Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.2 Argentina Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.3 Columbia Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis

• 13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 13.2 Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.3 Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.4 Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast
• 13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
• 13.6 Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Analysis by Country
  • 13.6.1 UAE Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.2 Egypt Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.3 South Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations

• 14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
• 14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix

• 15.1 Methodology
• 15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Table Spinal Surgical Robots Key Market Segments

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020

Table SWOT Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Supply Chain

Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Spinal Surgical Robots

Table Major Players Revenue in 2019

Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019

Table Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Company Profile

Table Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Production and Growth Rate

Figure Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table TINA VI Medical Technologies Company Profile

Table TINA VI Medical Technologies Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure TINA VI Medical Technologies Production and Growth Rate

Figure TINA VI Medical Technologies Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Alliance Spine LLC Company Profile

Table Alliance Spine LLC Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Alliance Spine LLC Production and Growth Rate

Figure Alliance Spine LLC Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Spineology Inc. Company Profile

Table Spineology Inc. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Spineology Inc. Production and Growth Rate

Figure Spineology Inc. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Medtech S.A Company Profile

Table Medtech S.A Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Medtech S.A Production and Growth Rate

Figure Medtech S.A Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Mazor Robotics Ltd Company Profile

Table Mazor Robotics Ltd Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Mazor Robotics Ltd Production and Growth Rate

Figure Mazor Robotics Ltd Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Medtech S.A Company Profile

Table Medtech S.A Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Medtech S.A Production and Growth Rate

Figure Medtech S.A Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Globus Medical Company Profile

Table Globus Medical Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Globus Medical Production and Growth Rate

Figure Globus Medical Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table SpineFrontier, Inc. Company Profile

Table SpineFrontier, Inc. Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure SpineFrontier, Inc. Production and Growth Rate

Figure SpineFrontier, Inc. Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Mazor Robotics Company Profile

Table Mazor Robotics Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Mazor Robotics Production and Growth Rate

Figure Mazor Robotics Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Kuka AG Company Profile

Table Kuka AG Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Kuka AG Production and Growth Rate

Figure Kuka AG Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)

Figure Global Separate System Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Separate System Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Combining System Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Combining System Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Separate System (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Separate System (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Combining System (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Combining System (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Figure Global Disc Replacement Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Disc Replacement Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Spine Fusion Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Spine Fusion Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Other Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Other Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Disc Replacement (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Disc Replacement (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Spine Fusion (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Spine Fusion (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Other (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Other (2020-2025)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Spinal Surgical Robots Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Figure North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure North America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure U.S. Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Germany Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Russia Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure China Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Australia Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure South America Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Brazil Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Argentina Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Columbia Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure UAE Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Egypt Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Spinal Surgical Robots Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)