Report Detail
Global Ethylvanillin (CAS121-32-4) Market Report 2019 - History, Present and Future
- RnM2972602 |
- 03 December, 2019 |
- Global |
- 97 Pages |
- Prof Research |
- Food
The global market size of Ethylvanillin is $XX million in 2018 with XX CAGR from 2014 to 2018, and it is expected to reach $XX million by the end of 2024 with a CAGR of XX% from 2019 to 2024.
Global Ethylvanillin Market Report 2019 - Market Size, Share, Price, Trend and Forecast is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Ethylvanillin industry. The key insights of the report:
1.The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Ethylvanillin manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.
2.The report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology.
3.The report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2013-2018 market shares for key vendors.
4.The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.
5.The report estimates 2019-2024 market development trends of Ethylvanillin industry.
6.Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out
7.The report makes some important proposals for a new project of Ethylvanillin Industry before evaluating its feasibility.
There are 4 key segments covered in this report: competitor segment, product type segment, end use/application segment and geography segment.
For competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Ethylvanillin as well as some small players.
The information for each competitor includes:
* Company Profile
* Main Business Information
* SWOT Analysis
* Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
* Market Share
For product type segment, this report listed main product type of Ethylvanillin market
* Product Type I
* Product Type II
* Product Type III
For end use/application segment, this report focuses on the status and outlook for key applications. End users are also listed.
* Application I
* Application II
* Application III
For geography segment, regional supply, application-wise and type-wise demand, major players, price is presented from 2013 to 2023. This report covers following regions:
* North America
* South America
* Asia & Pacific
* Europe
* MEA (Middle East and Africa)
The key countries in each region are taken into consideration as well, such as United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.
Reasons to Purchase this Report:
* Analyzing the outlook of the market with the recent trends and SWOT analysis
* Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
* Market segmentation analysis including qualitative and quantitative research incorporating the impact of economic and non-economic aspects
* Regional and country level analysis integrating the demand and supply forces that are influencing the growth of the market.
* Market value (USD Million) and volume (Units Million) data for each segment and sub-segment
* Competitive landscape involving the market share of major players, along with the new projects and strategies adopted by players in the past five years
* Comprehensive company profiles covering the product offerings, key financial information, recent developments, SWOT analysis, and strategies employed by the major market players
* 1-year analyst support, along with the data support in excel format.
We also can offer customized report to fulfill special requirements of our clients. Regional and Countries report can be provided as well.
Table of Content
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Chapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
- 3.1 Research Scope
- 3.2 Research Methodology
- 3.2.1 Primary Sources
- 3.2.2 Secondary Sources
- 3.2.3 Assumptions
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
- 4.1 Market Overview
- 4.2 Classification/Types
- 4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Drivers
- 5.3 Restraints
- 5.4 Opportunities
- 5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
- 6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
- 6.2 Ethylvanillin Analysis
- 6.2.1 Technology Analysis
- 6.2.2 Cost Analysis
- 6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
- 6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
- 7.1 Latest News
- 7.2 Merger and Acquisition
- 7.3 Planned/Future Project
- 7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
- 8.1 Export of Ethylvanillin by Region
- 8.2 Import of Ethylvanillin by Region
- 8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Current Ethylvanillin in North America (2013-2018)
- 9.1 Ethylvanillin Supply
- 9.2 Ethylvanillin Demand by End Use
- 9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 9.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 9.5.1 US
- 9.5.2 Canada
- 9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Current Ethylvanillin in South America (2013-2018)
- 10.1 Ethylvanillin Supply
- 10.2 Ethylvanillin Demand by End Use
- 10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 10.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 10.5.1 Brazil
- 10.5.2 Argentina
- 10.5.3 Chile
- 10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Current Ethylvanillin in Asia & Pacific (2013-2018)
- 11.1 Ethylvanillin Supply
- 11.2 Ethylvanillin Demand by End Use
- 11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 11.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 11.5.1 China
- 11.5.2 India
- 11.5.3 Japan
- 11.5.4 South Korea
- 11.5.5 ASEAN
- 11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Current Ethylvanillin in Europe (2013-2018)
- 12.1 Ethylvanillin Supply
- 12.2 Ethylvanillin Demand by End Use
- 12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 12.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 12.5.1 Germany
- 12.5.2 France
- 12.5.3 UK
- 12.5.4 Italy
- 12.5.5 Spain
- 12.5.6 Belgium
- 12.5.7 Netherlands
- 12.5.8 Austria
- 12.5.9 Poland
- 12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Current Ethylvanillin in MEA (2013-2018)
- 13.1 Ethylvanillin Supply
- 13.2 Ethylvanillin Demand by End Use
- 13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 13.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 13.5.1 Egypt
- 13.5.2 Iran
- 13.5.3 Israel
- 13.5.4 South Africa
- 13.5.5 GCC
- 13.5.6 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary for Global Ethylvanillin (2013-2018)
- 14.1 Ethylvanillin Supply
- 14.2 Ethylvanillin Demand by End Use
- 14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Ethylvanillin Forecast (2019-2023)
- 15.1 Ethylvanillin Supply Forecast
- 15.2 Ethylvanillin Demand Forecast
- 15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
- 16.1 Company A
- 16.1.1 Company Profile
- 16.1.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Company A
- 16.1.4 Company A Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.2 Company B
- 16.2.1 Company Profile
- 16.2.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Company B
- 16.2.4 Company B Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.3 Company C
- 16.3.1 Company Profile
- 16.3.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Company C
- 16.3.4 Company C Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.4 Company D
- 16.4.1 Company Profile
- 16.4.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Company D
- 16.4.4 Company D Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.5 Company E
- 16.5.1 Company Profile
- 16.5.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Company E
- 16.5.4 Company E Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.6 Company F
- 16.6.1 Company Profile
- 16.6.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Company F
- 16.6.4 Company F Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.7 Company G
- 16.7.1 Company Profile
- 16.7.2 Main Business and Ethylvanillin Information
- 16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Company G
- 16.7.4 Company G Ethylvanillin Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
......
......
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Ethylvanillin Report
Table Primary Sources of Ethylvanillin Report
Table Secondary Sources of Ethylvanillin Report
Table Major Assumptions of Ethylvanillin Report
Figure Ethylvanillin Picture
Table Ethylvanillin Classification
Table Ethylvanillin Applications List
Table Drivers of Ethylvanillin Market
Table Restraints of Ethylvanillin Market
Table Opportunities of Ethylvanillin Market
Table Threats of Ethylvanillin Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Ethylvanillin
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Ethylvanillin
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Ethylvanillin Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Ethylvanillin Market
Table Policy of Ethylvanillin Market
Table 2014-2024 Regional Export of Ethylvanillin
Table 2014-2024 Regional Import of Ethylvanillin
Table 2014-2024 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2014-2024 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2014-2024 North America Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 North America Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 North America Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 North America Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 North America Ethylvanillin Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 North America Ethylvanillin Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 North America Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 North America Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 US Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 US Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Canada Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Canada Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Mexico Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Mexico Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South America Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 South America Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 South America Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 South America Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 South America Ethylvanillin Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 South America Ethylvanillin Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 South America Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 South America Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 Brazil Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Brazil Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Argentina Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Argentina Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Chile Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Chile Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Peru Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Peru Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Asia & Pacific Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 China Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 China Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 India Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 India Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Japan Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Japan Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Korea Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Korea Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Ethylvanillin Import (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Ethylvanillin Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Australia Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Australia Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Europe Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 Europe Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 Europe Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 Europe Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Europe Ethylvanillin Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Europe Ethylvanillin Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 Europe Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Europe Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 Germany Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Germany Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 France Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 France Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 UK Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 UK Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Italy Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Italy Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Spain Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Spain Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Belgium Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Belgium Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Netherlands Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Netherlands Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Austria Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Austria Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Poland Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Poland Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Russia Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Russia Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 MEA Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 MEA Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 MEA Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 MEA Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 MEA Ethylvanillin Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 MEA Ethylvanillin Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 MEA Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 MEA Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 Egypt Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Egypt Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Iran Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Iran Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Israel Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Israel Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Africa Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Africa Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 GCC Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 GCC Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Turkey Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Turkey Ethylvanillin Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Capacity (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Production Value (M USD) and Growth Rate
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Global Ethylvanillin Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Regional Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Market Size (M USD) List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Market Volume (Tons) List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Capacity (Tons) List
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production (Tons) List
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Production Value (M USD) and Growth Rate
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Global Ethylvanillin Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Regional Ethylvanillin Price (USD/Ton) List
Table Company A Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company A
Table 2014-2019 Company A Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company A Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company A Ethylvanillin Market Share
Table Company B Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company B
Table 2014-2019 Company B Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company B Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company B Ethylvanillin Market Share
Table Company C Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company C
Table 2014-2019 Company C Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company C Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company C Ethylvanillin Market Share
Table Company D Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company D
Table 2014-2019 Company D Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company D Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company D Ethylvanillin Market Share
Table Company E Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company E
Table 2014-2019 Company E Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company E Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company E Ethylvanillin Market Share
Table Company F Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company F
Table 2014-2019 Company F Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company F Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company F Ethylvanillin Market Share
Table Company G Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Company G
Table 2014-2019 Company G Ethylvanillin Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Company G Ethylvanillin Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Company G Ethylvanillin Market Share
......
......
Summary:
Get latest Market Research Reports on Ethylvanillin (CAS121-32-4). Industry analysis & Market Report on Ethylvanillin (CAS121-32-4) is a syndicated market report, published as Global Ethylvanillin (CAS121-32-4) Market Report 2019 - History, Present and Future. It is complete Research Study and Industry Analysis of Ethylvanillin (CAS121-32-4) market, to understand, Market Demand, Growth, trends analysis and Factor Influencing market.
REPORT YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED
Related Reports
Reason to Buy
Reports and Markets
Contact Us
+1-352-353-0818 (US)Newsletter
KEEP UP TO DATE ON ALL THE LATEST REPORTS
