Digital Pens Market Research: Global Status & Forecast by Geography, Type & Application (2017-2027)

Table of Content

1 Industrial Chain Overview

• 1.1 Digital Pens Industry
  • 1.1.1 Overview

Figure Digital Pens Picture List

• 1.1.2 Characteristics of Digital Pens

Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

• 1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

• 1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

• 1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

2 Global Production & Consumption by Geography

• 2.1 Global Production & Consumption
  • 2.1.1 Global Production

Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.1.2 Global Consumption

Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
  • 2.2.1 Production
    • 2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific

  Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

  Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

  Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

  Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

  • 2.2.1.2 North America

Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.1.3 South America

Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.1.4 Europe

Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa

Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.2 Consumption
  • 2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.2.2 North America

Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.2.3 South America

Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.2.4 Europe

Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

• 2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

3 Major Manufacturers Introduction

• 3.1 Manufacturers Overview

Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information

Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021

• 3.2 Manufacturers List
  • 3.2.1 Luidia Overview

Table Luidia Overview List

• 3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Luidia (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table I.R.I.S. Overview List

• 3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of I.R.I.S. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table Sony Overview List

• 3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Sony (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table Kent Displays Overview List

• 3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Kent Displays (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table Livescribe Overview List

• 3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Livescribe (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table Wacom Overview List

• 3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Wacom (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table ACE CAD Enterprise Overview List

• 3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of ACE CAD Enterprise (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table E-pens Overview List

• 3.2.8.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.8.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of E-pens (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.8.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.8.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table NoteSlate Overview List

• 3.2.9.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.9.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of NoteSlate (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.9.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.9.4 Future Strategic Planning

Table Neo smartpen Overview List

• 3.2.10.1 Product Specifications
• 3.2.10.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Neo smartpen (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

• 3.2.10.3 Recent Developments
• 3.2.10.4 Future Strategic Planning

4 Market Competition Pattern

• 4.1 Market Size and Sketch

Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview

• 4.2 Company Market Share
  • 4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers

Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD

• 4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis

5 Product Type Segment

• 5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

• 5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
  • 5.2.1 Market in Active Digital Pen
    • 5.2.1.1 Market Size

  Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Active Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

  Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Active Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

  • 5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
• 5.2.2 Market in Positional Digital Pen
  • 5.2.2.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Positional Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Positional Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 5.2.2.2 Situation & Development

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Camera-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Camera-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 5.2.3.2 Situation & Development

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Accelerometer-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Accelerometer-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 5.2.4.2 Situation & Development

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Trackball-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Trackball-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 5.2.5.2 Situation & Development

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 5.2.6.2 Situation & Development

6 End-Use Segment

• 6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

• 6.2 Segment Subdivision
  • 6.2.1 Market in Clinical Documentation
    • 6.2.1.1 Market Size

  Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Clinical Documentation, 2017-2021, in USD Million

  Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Clinical Documentation, 2017-2021, in Volume

  • 6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
• 6.2.2 Market in Education
  • 6.2.2.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Education, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Education, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 6.2.2.2 Situation & Development

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Billing & Back Office, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Billing & Back Office, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 6.2.3.2 Situation & Development

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Communication, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Communication, 2017-2021, in Volume

• 6.2.4.2 Situation & Development

7 Market Forecast & Trend

• 7.1 Regional Forecast

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

• 7.2 Consumption Forecast
  • 7.2.1 Product Type Forecast

Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

• 7.2.2 End-Use Forecast

Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

• 7.3 Investment Trend
• 7.4 Consumption Trend

8 Price & Channel

• 8.1 Price and Cost
  • 8.1.1 Price
  • 8.1.2 Cost

Figure Cost Component Ratio

• 8.2 Channel Segment

9 Market Drivers & Investment Environment

• 9.1 Market Drivers
• 9.2 Investment Environment
• 9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Digital Pens Industry
  • 9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
  • 9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
  • 9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels
  • 9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition
  • 9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment

10 Research Conclusion

List of Table

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information

Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021

Table Luidia Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Luidia (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table I.R.I.S. Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of I.R.I.S. (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Sony Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Sony (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Kent Displays Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Kent Displays (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Livescribe Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Livescribe (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Wacom Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Wacom (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table ACE CAD Enterprise Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of ACE CAD Enterprise (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table E-pens Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of E-pens (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table NoteSlate Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of NoteSlate (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Neo smartpen Overview List

Table Digital Pens Business Operation of Neo smartpen (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

List of Figure

Figure Digital Pens Picture List

Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview

Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume

Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Active Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Active Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Positional Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Positional Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Camera-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Camera-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Accelerometer-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Accelerometer-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Trackball-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Trackball-Based Digital Pen, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Clinical Documentation, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Clinical Documentation, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Education, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Education, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Billing & Back Office, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Billing & Back Office, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Communication, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Communication, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Cost Component Ratio