Global Advocacy Software Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

Table of Content

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
• 1.2 Global Advocacy Software Market Size
• 1.3 Market Segmentation
• 1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
• 1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics

• 2.1 Market Drivers
• 2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
• 2.3 Emerging Market Trends
• 2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  • 2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  • 2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment

• 3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
• 3.2 Industry Active Participants
  • 3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  • 3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
• 3.3 Alternative Analysis
• 3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape

• 4.1 Industry Leading Players
• 4.2 Industry News
  • 4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  • 4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies

• 5.1 Salsa
  • 5.1.1 Salsa Company Profile
  • 5.1.2 Salsa Business Overview
  • 5.1.3 Salsa Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.1.4 Salsa Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.2 Influitive
  • 5.2.1 Influitive Company Profile
  • 5.2.2 Influitive Business Overview
  • 5.2.3 Influitive Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.2.4 Influitive Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.3 Queue Technologies
  • 5.3.1 Queue Technologies Company Profile
  • 5.3.2 Queue Technologies Business Overview
  • 5.3.3 Queue Technologies Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.3.4 Queue Technologies Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.4 Customer Advocacy
  • 5.4.1 Customer Advocacy Company Profile
  • 5.4.2 Customer Advocacy Business Overview
  • 5.4.3 Customer Advocacy Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.4.4 Customer Advocacy Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.5 RAP Index
  • 5.5.1 RAP Index Company Profile
  • 5.5.2 RAP Index Business Overview
  • 5.5.3 RAP Index Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.5.4 RAP Index Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.6 The Soft Edge
  • 5.6.1 The Soft Edge Company Profile
  • 5.6.2 The Soft Edge Business Overview
  • 5.6.3 The Soft Edge Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.6.4 The Soft Edge Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.7 Phone2Action
  • 5.7.1 Phone2Action Company Profile
  • 5.7.2 Phone2Action Business Overview
  • 5.7.3 Phone2Action Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.7.4 Phone2Action Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.8 CQ-Roll Call
  • 5.8.1 CQ-Roll Call Company Profile
  • 5.8.2 CQ-Roll Call Business Overview
  • 5.8.3 CQ-Roll Call Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.8.4 CQ-Roll Call Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.9 Capitol Impact
  • 5.9.1 Capitol Impact Company Profile
  • 5.9.2 Capitol Impact Business Overview
  • 5.9.3 Capitol Impact Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.9.4 Capitol Impact Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.10 One Click Politics
  • 5.10.1 One Click Politics Company Profile
  • 5.10.2 One Click Politics Business Overview
  • 5.10.3 One Click Politics Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.10.4 One Click Politics Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.11 Votility
  • 5.11.1 Votility Company Profile
  • 5.11.2 Votility Business Overview
  • 5.11.3 Votility Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.11.4 Votility Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.12 Annex Cloud
  • 5.12.1 Annex Cloud Company Profile
  • 5.12.2 Annex Cloud Business Overview
  • 5.12.3 Annex Cloud Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.12.4 Annex Cloud Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.13 PostBeyond
  • 5.13.1 PostBeyond Company Profile
  • 5.13.2 PostBeyond Business Overview
  • 5.13.3 PostBeyond Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.13.4 PostBeyond Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.14 Blackbaud
  • 5.14.1 Blackbaud Company Profile
  • 5.14.2 Blackbaud Business Overview
  • 5.14.3 Blackbaud Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.14.4 Blackbaud Advocacy Software Products Introduction
• 5.15 SocialChorus
  • 5.15.1 SocialChorus Company Profile
  • 5.15.2 SocialChorus Business Overview
  • 5.15.3 SocialChorus Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.15.4 SocialChorus Advocacy Software Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

• 6.1 Global Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.1 Global Advocacy Software Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.2 Global Advocacy Software Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.3 Global Advocacy Software Price by Types (2015-2020)
• 6.2 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.1 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.2 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
• 6.3 Global Advocacy Software Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.3.1 Global Advocacy Software Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Mobile end
  • 6.3.2 Global Advocacy Software Sales, Price and Growth Rate of PC end
• 6.4 Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.1 Mobile end Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.2 PC end Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

• 7.1 Global Advocacy Software Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.1 Global Advocacy Software Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.2 Global Advocacy Software Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
• 7.2 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.1 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.2 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
• 7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.1 Global Advocacy Software Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Enterprise Propaganda (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.2 Global Advocacy Software Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Government Election (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.3 Global Advocacy Software Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Organize Fund-raising (2015-2020)
• 7.4 Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.1 Enterprise Propaganda Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.2 Government Election Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.3 Organize Fund-raising Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

• 8.1 Global Advocacy Software Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.2 Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.3 Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Advocacy Software Market Analysis

• 9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 9.2 North America Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.3 North America Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.4 North America Advocacy Software Market Forecast
• 9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
• 9.6 North America Advocacy Software Market Analysis by Country
  • 9.6.1 U.S. Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.2 Canada Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.3 Mexico Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Advocacy Software Market Analysis

• 10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 10.2 Europe Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.3 Europe Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.4 Europe Advocacy Software Market Forecast
• 10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
• 10.6 Europe Advocacy Software Market Analysis by Country
  • 10.6.1 Germany Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.2 United Kingdom Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.3 France Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.4 Italy Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.5 Spain Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.6 Russia Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Analysis

• 11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 11.2 Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.3 Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.4 Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Forecast
• 11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
• 11.6 Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Analysis by Country
  • 11.6.1 China Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.2 Japan Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.3 South Korea Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.4 Australia Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.5 India Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Advocacy Software Market Analysis

• 12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 12.2 South America Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.3 South America Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.4 South America Advocacy Software Market Forecast
• 12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
• 12.6 South America Advocacy Software Market Analysis by Country
  • 12.6.1 Brazil Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.2 Argentina Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.3 Columbia Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Analysis

• 13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 13.2 Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.3 Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.4 Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Forecast
• 13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
• 13.6 Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Analysis by Country
  • 13.6.1 UAE Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.2 Egypt Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.3 South Africa Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations

• 14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
• 14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix

• 15.1 Methodology
• 15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Table Advocacy Software Key Market Segments

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020

Table SWOT Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Supply Chain

Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Advocacy Software

Table Major Players Revenue in 2019

Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019

Table Salsa Company Profile

Table Salsa Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Salsa Production and Growth Rate

Figure Salsa Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Influitive Company Profile

Table Influitive Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Influitive Production and Growth Rate

Figure Influitive Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Queue Technologies Company Profile

Table Queue Technologies Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Queue Technologies Production and Growth Rate

Figure Queue Technologies Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Customer Advocacy Company Profile

Table Customer Advocacy Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Customer Advocacy Production and Growth Rate

Figure Customer Advocacy Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table RAP Index Company Profile

Table RAP Index Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure RAP Index Production and Growth Rate

Figure RAP Index Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table The Soft Edge Company Profile

Table The Soft Edge Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure The Soft Edge Production and Growth Rate

Figure The Soft Edge Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Phone2Action Company Profile

Table Phone2Action Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Phone2Action Production and Growth Rate

Figure Phone2Action Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table CQ-Roll Call Company Profile

Table CQ-Roll Call Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure CQ-Roll Call Production and Growth Rate

Figure CQ-Roll Call Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Capitol Impact Company Profile

Table Capitol Impact Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Capitol Impact Production and Growth Rate

Figure Capitol Impact Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table One Click Politics Company Profile

Table One Click Politics Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure One Click Politics Production and Growth Rate

Figure One Click Politics Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Votility Company Profile

Table Votility Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Votility Production and Growth Rate

Figure Votility Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Annex Cloud Company Profile

Table Annex Cloud Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Annex Cloud Production and Growth Rate

Figure Annex Cloud Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table PostBeyond Company Profile

Table PostBeyond Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure PostBeyond Production and Growth Rate

Figure PostBeyond Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Blackbaud Company Profile

Table Blackbaud Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Blackbaud Production and Growth Rate

Figure Blackbaud Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table SocialChorus Company Profile

Table SocialChorus Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure SocialChorus Production and Growth Rate

Figure SocialChorus Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Global Advocacy Software Sales by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)

Figure Global Mobile end Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Mobile end Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global PC end Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global PC end Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Mobile end (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Mobile end (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of PC end (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of PC end (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Sales by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Figure Global Enterprise Propaganda Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Enterprise Propaganda Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Government Election Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Government Election Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Organize Fund-raising Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Organize Fund-raising Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Enterprise Propaganda (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Enterprise Propaganda (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Government Election (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Government Election (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organize Fund-raising (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Organize Fund-raising (2020-2025)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Advocacy Software Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Advocacy Software Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Advocacy Software Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Figure North America Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure North America Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure U.S. Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Germany Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Russia Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure China Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Australia Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure South America Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Brazil Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Argentina Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Columbia Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Advocacy Software Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure UAE Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Egypt Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Advocacy Software Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)