ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Tuesday, 27 March, 2018

ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to become more common in the future. We have undertaken work on the Green Vehicle Guide (GVG) to enable us to list EVs meeting. Consistent with the treatment of other vehicle types, the listing will be based on the standard testing procedures under the United Nations (UN) Regulations adopted in the Australian Design Rules (ADR), which detail the test methods used for determining exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. The relevant ADRs (ADR 79 and ADR 81/02) adopt the test methods from the UN Regulations (UN R83 and UN R101 respectively).
EVs rate as zero emission vehicles for the ADR tests. Plug in-hybrids are ranked on the basis of the CO2 emissions value from the ADR test. The GVG also reports the air pollution standard to which a plug-in hybrid vehicle is certified under ADR 79.


What are the different types of electric car?
There are three main types of electric vehicles (EVs), classed by the degree that electricity is uses as their energy source.

1) Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs):
HEVs are powered by both petrol and electricity. The electric energy is generated by the car’s own breaking system to recharge the battery. This is called ‘regenerative braking’, a process where the electric motor helps to slow the vehicle and uses some of the energy normally converted to heat by the brakes.HEVs start off using the electric motor, then the petrol engine cuts in as load or speed rises. The two motors are controlled by an internal computer which ensures the best economy for the driving conditions.The Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyota Camry Hybrid are both examples of HEVs.

2) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs):
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well by its on-board engine and generator.

3) Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs):
BEVs are fully electric vehicles, meaning they are only powered by electricity and do not have petrol engine, fuel tank or exhaust pipe.
BEVs are also known as ‘plug-in’ EVs as they use an external electrical charging outlet to charge the battery. BEVs can also recharge their batteries through regenerative braking. Read more about charging options on our charging your electric vehicle webpage.


Benefits Of Electric Vehicles

Better for the environment:
Less pollution: By choosing to drive an EV you are helping to reduce harmful air pollution from exhaust emissions. An EV has zero exhaust emmissions5.

Renewable energy: If you use renewable energy to recharge your EV, you can reduce your greenhouse gas emissions even further. You could recharge your EV from your solar PV system during the day instead of from the grid. Another idea is to purchase Green Power from your electricity retailer. Then, even if you recharge your EV from the grid, your greenhouse gas emissions are reduced.

Eco-friendly materials: There is also a trend towards more eco-friendly production and materials for EVs. The Ford Focus Electric is made up of recycled materials and the padding is made out of bio based materials. The Nissan Leaf’s interior and bodywork are partly made out of green materials such as recycled water bottles, plastic bags, old car parts and even second hand home appliances6.

Health benefits: Reduced harmful exhaust emissions is good news for our health. Better air quality will lead to less health problems and costs caused by air pollution. EVs are also quieter than petrol/diesel vehicles, which means less noise pollution.

Safety improvements
Recent findings have shown that several EV features can improve safety. EVs tend to have a lower centre of gravity that makes them less likely to roll over. They can also have a lower risk for major fires or explosions and the body construction and durability of EVs may make them safer in a collision7.
Our energy security: On a national level, EVs can help with Australia’s energy security. At present, Australia is highly dependent on other countries for petroleum imports. EVs are easy to power from local and renewable energy sources, reducing our dependence on foreign oil. There are also better employment benefits for Australians through the use of locally produced electricity1.

What is the history of electric cars?
Although people had been trying with zeal to develop a self-propelled road vehicle for centuries -- it was world renowned painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist Leonardo da Vinci who designed a primitive version of the car way back in the 15th century -- yet it wasn't until the late 19th century that the age of the automobile really began. Cars at this point in history became a plausible form of transportation after years of tinkering by restless, curious inventors. And gasoline engines weren't the only ideas floating around. Electric motors, diesel engines and steam engines were all possibilities during the 19th century, and competition would become fierce. Green driving wasn't necessarily a concern; just getting the cars to work correctly was the most important issue.

What Is an Electric Car?
An electric car is powered by an electric motor instead of a gasoline engine. The electric motor gets energy from a controller, which regulates the amount of power—based on the driver’s use of an accelerator pedal. The electric car (also known as electric vehicle or EV) uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries, which are recharged by common household electricity.Did you know: The environmental benefits of plug-in hybrids and electric Vehicle increase if they are powered by electricity from ‘green’ sources such as solar, wind or small scale hydroelectricity.All-Electric Vehicles: All-electric vehicles (EVs) run on electricity only. They are propelled by one or more electric motors powered by rechargeable battery packs. EVs have several advantages over conventional vehicles:Energy efficient. EVs convert about 59%–62% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels. Conventional gasoline vehicles only convert about 17%–21% of the energy stored in gasoline to power at the wheels.Environmentally friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity may emit them. Electricity from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no air pollutants.Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than internal combustion engines (ICEs).Reduced energy dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source.EVs do, however, face significant battery-related challenges:Driving range. Range is typically limited to 60 to 120 miles on a full charge although a few models can go 200 to 300 miles.Recharge time. Fully recharging the battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours. Even a "fast charge" to 80% capacity can take 30 min.Battery cost: The large battery packs are expensive and may need to be replaced one or more times.Bulk & weight: Battery packs are heavy and take up considerable space.Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and reduce charging time, weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs.

Electric vehicles & the environment
Over the last decade, there’s been an increase in the purchasing of electric vehicles (EV). There are many reasons why one might consider making the switch to an EV – electric cars are higher efficiency than gas-powered cars, can reduce your dependence on fossil fuels and require less maintenance than most cars, to name three popular reasons.One draw for many people who decide to buy an electric car is that EVs are often considered to be one of the most sustainable forms of transportation. Unlike hybrid vehicles or gas-powered cars, EVs run solely on electric power – depending on how that electric power is produced, your EV can be run 100% on sustainable, renewable resources. There are four factors to consider when evaluating the impact of electric cars on the environment: tailpipe emissions, well-to-wheel emissions, the energy source that charges the battery, and the car’s efficiency.

How eco-friendly are electric cars?
E-cars don't emit climate damaging greenhouse gases or health-harming nitrogen oxide. They're quiet and easy to operate. Electric vehicles seem to have a lot of advantages over cars that run on gasoline or diesel.Indeed, with revelations about auto industry cheating on emissions tests, many consumers feel deceived - and are looking for ways to escape becoming a victim of the deception. One way to do so would be to switch to an electric vehicle.

How do electric cars help the environment?
Electric cars are helpful for the environment because they don't give off as many harmful emissions as regular vehicles, as well as helping to protect the climate and reduce overall oil consumption.While electric cars do give off global warming emissions, they don't give off as many as vehicles that run purely off of gasoline when charged from the electricity grid. The amount of emissions an electric vehicle gives off depends on the blend of energy sources channeling through an area's electricity grid.

How environmentally friendly are electric cars?
One recent study by scientists in EV-friendly Norway has found that in some circumstances electric cars can have a greater impact on global warming than conventional cars. One of the authors of the report, at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Guillaume Majeau-Bettez, admits that he is shocked and disappointed that their findings are not more positive for EVs.



Conclusion:
The progress that the electric vehicle industry has seen in recent years is not only extremely welcomed, but highly necessary in light of the increasing global greenhouse gas levels. As demonstrated within the economic, social, and environmental analysis sections of this webpage, the benefits of electric vehicles far surpass the costs. The biggest obstacle to the widespread adoption of electric-powered transportation is cost related, as gasoline and the vehicles that run on it are readily available, convenient, and less costly.

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