Table of Content

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
• 1.2 Global Triethylaluminum Market Size
• 1.3 Market Segmentation
• 1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
• 1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics

• 2.1 Market Drivers
• 2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
• 2.3 Emerging Market Trends
• 2.4 Impact of COVID-19
  • 2.4.1 Short-term Impact
  • 2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment

• 3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
• 3.2 Industry Active Participants
  • 3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
  • 3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
• 3.3 Alternative Analysis
• 3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape

• 4.1 Industry Leading Players
• 4.2 Industry News
  • 4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
  • 4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies

• 5.1 Nippon Aluminum Alkyls
  • 5.1.1 Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Company Profile
  • 5.1.2 Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Business Overview
  • 5.1.3 Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.1.4 Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.2 Albemarle
  • 5.2.1 Albemarle Company Profile
  • 5.2.2 Albemarle Business Overview
  • 5.2.3 Albemarle Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.2.4 Albemarle Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.3 Tianjin Lianli Chemical
  • 5.3.1 Tianjin Lianli Chemical Company Profile
  • 5.3.2 Tianjin Lianli Chemical Business Overview
  • 5.3.3 Tianjin Lianli Chemical Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.3.4 Tianjin Lianli Chemical Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.4 Xiangyang Science and Chemistry
  • 5.4.1 Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Company Profile
  • 5.4.2 Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Business Overview
  • 5.4.3 Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.4.4 Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.5 AkzoNobel
  • 5.5.1 AkzoNobel Company Profile
  • 5.5.2 AkzoNobel Business Overview
  • 5.5.3 AkzoNobel Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.5.4 AkzoNobel Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.6 Sasol O&S
  • 5.6.1 Sasol O&S Company Profile
  • 5.6.2 Sasol O&S Business Overview
  • 5.6.3 Sasol O&S Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.6.4 Sasol O&S Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.7 Friend Chemical
  • 5.7.1 Friend Chemical Company Profile
  • 5.7.2 Friend Chemical Business Overview
  • 5.7.3 Friend Chemical Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.7.4 Friend Chemical Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.8 Chemtura
  • 5.8.1 Chemtura Company Profile
  • 5.8.2 Chemtura Business Overview
  • 5.8.3 Chemtura Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.8.4 Chemtura Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.9 SOCC
  • 5.9.1 SOCC Company Profile
  • 5.9.2 SOCC Business Overview
  • 5.9.3 SOCC Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.9.4 SOCC Triethylaluminum Products Introduction
• 5.10 Gulbrandsen
  • 5.10.1 Gulbrandsen Company Profile
  • 5.10.2 Gulbrandsen Business Overview
  • 5.10.3 Gulbrandsen Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 5.10.4 Gulbrandsen Triethylaluminum Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

• 6.1 Global Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.1 Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.2 Global Triethylaluminum Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.1.3 Global Triethylaluminum Price by Types (2015-2020)
• 6.2 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.1 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.2.2 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
• 6.3 Global Triethylaluminum Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
  • 6.3.1 Global Triethylaluminum Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Two-step
  • 6.3.2 Global Triethylaluminum Sales, Price and Growth Rate of One-step
• 6.4 Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.1 Two-step Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 6.4.2 One-step Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

• 7.1 Global Triethylaluminum Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.1 Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.1.2 Global Triethylaluminum Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
• 7.2 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.1 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.2 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
• 7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.1 Global Triethylaluminum Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Polyolefin catalyst (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.2 Global Triethylaluminum Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Organic synthesis (2015-2020)
  • 7.3.3 Global Triethylaluminum Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Military (2015-2020)
• 7.4 Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.1 Polyolefin catalyst Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.2 Organic synthesis Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.3 Military Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

• 8.1 Global Triethylaluminum Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.2 Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
• 8.3 Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Triethylaluminum Market Analysis

• 9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 9.2 North America Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.3 North America Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 9.4 North America Triethylaluminum Market Forecast
• 9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
• 9.6 North America Triethylaluminum Market Analysis by Country
  • 9.6.1 U.S. Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.2 Canada Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 9.6.3 Mexico Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Triethylaluminum Market Analysis

• 10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 10.2 Europe Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.3 Europe Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 10.4 Europe Triethylaluminum Market Forecast
• 10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
• 10.6 Europe Triethylaluminum Market Analysis by Country
  • 10.6.1 Germany Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.2 United Kingdom Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.3 France Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.4 Italy Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.5 Spain Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 10.6.6 Russia Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Analysis

• 11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 11.2 Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.3 Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 11.4 Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Forecast
• 11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
• 11.6 Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Analysis by Country
  • 11.6.1 China Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.2 Japan Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.3 South Korea Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.4 Australia Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 11.6.5 India Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Triethylaluminum Market Analysis

• 12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 12.2 South America Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.3 South America Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 12.4 South America Triethylaluminum Market Forecast
• 12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
• 12.6 South America Triethylaluminum Market Analysis by Country
  • 12.6.1 Brazil Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.2 Argentina Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 12.6.3 Columbia Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Analysis

• 13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
• 13.2 Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.3 Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
• 13.4 Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Forecast
• 13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
• 13.6 Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Analysis by Country
  • 13.6.1 UAE Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.2 Egypt Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate
  • 13.6.3 South Africa Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations

• 14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
• 14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix

• 15.1 Methodology
• 15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Table Triethylaluminum Key Market Segments

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020

Table SWOT Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Supply Chain

Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Triethylaluminum

Table Major Players Revenue in 2019

Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019

Table Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Company Profile

Table Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Production and Growth Rate

Figure Nippon Aluminum Alkyls Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Albemarle Company Profile

Table Albemarle Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Albemarle Production and Growth Rate

Figure Albemarle Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Tianjin Lianli Chemical Company Profile

Table Tianjin Lianli Chemical Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Tianjin Lianli Chemical Production and Growth Rate

Figure Tianjin Lianli Chemical Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Company Profile

Table Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Production and Growth Rate

Figure Xiangyang Science and Chemistry Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table AkzoNobel Company Profile

Table AkzoNobel Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure AkzoNobel Production and Growth Rate

Figure AkzoNobel Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Sasol O&S Company Profile

Table Sasol O&S Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Sasol O&S Production and Growth Rate

Figure Sasol O&S Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Friend Chemical Company Profile

Table Friend Chemical Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Friend Chemical Production and Growth Rate

Figure Friend Chemical Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Chemtura Company Profile

Table Chemtura Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Chemtura Production and Growth Rate

Figure Chemtura Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table SOCC Company Profile

Table SOCC Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure SOCC Production and Growth Rate

Figure SOCC Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Gulbrandsen Company Profile

Table Gulbrandsen Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Gulbrandsen Production and Growth Rate

Figure Gulbrandsen Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Global Triethylaluminum Sales by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)

Figure Global Two-step Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Two-step Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global One-step Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global One-step Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Two-step (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Two-step (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of One-step (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of One-step (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Sales by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Figure Global Polyolefin catalyst Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Polyolefin catalyst Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Organic synthesis Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Organic synthesis Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Military Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Military Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Polyolefin catalyst (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Polyolefin catalyst (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic synthesis (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Organic synthesis (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Military (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Military (2020-2025)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Triethylaluminum Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Figure North America Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure North America Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure U.S. Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Germany Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Russia Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure China Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Australia Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure South America Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Brazil Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Argentina Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Columbia Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Triethylaluminum Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure UAE Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Egypt Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Triethylaluminum Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Triethylaluminum (TEAL) is a colorless transparent liquid organoaluminum compound with a molecular formula of Al2 (C2H5) 6. It is soluble in hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, heptane or toluene and ignites immediately upon exposure to air. It needs to be kept under inert gas at room temperature.
Based on the Triethylaluminum market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Triethylaluminum market covered in Chapter 5:
Nippon Aluminum Alkyls
Albemarle
Tianjin Lianli Chemical
Xiangyang Science and Chemistry
AkzoNobel
Sasol O&S
Friend Chemical
Chemtura
SOCC
Gulbrandsen

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Triethylaluminum market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Two-step
One-step

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Triethylaluminum market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Polyolefin catalyst
Organic synthesis
Military

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025