Global Private Label Food and Beverages Industry Market Research Report
Global Private Label Food and Beverages Industry Market Research Report
1 Private Label Food and Beverages Introduction and Market Overview
- 1.1 Objectives of the Study
- 1.2 Definition of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 1.3 Private Label Food and Beverages Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
- 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
- 1.3.2 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
- 1.4 Market Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Types of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 1.4.2 Applications of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 1.4.3 Research Regions
- 1.4.3.1 North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.2 Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.3 China Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.4 Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.6 India Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.7 South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.5 Market Dynamics
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 1.5.2 Limitations
- 1.5.3 Opportunities
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
- 1.6.1 Industry News
- 1.6.2 Industry Policies
2 Industry Chain Analysis
- 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Private Label Food and Beverages Analysis
- 2.2 Major Players of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages in 2021
- 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
- 2.3 Private Label Food and Beverages Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
- 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
- 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Private Label Food and Beverages
- 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Private Label Food and Beverages Analysis
3 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market, by Type
- 3.1 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.2 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.3 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)
4 Private Label Food and Beverages Market, by Application
- 4.1 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
- 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
- 4.3 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
5 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.1 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.2 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.3 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.4 North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.5 Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.6 China Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.7 Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.9 India Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.10 South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.1 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.2 North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.3 Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.4 China Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.5 Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.6 Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.7 India Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.8 South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
7 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions
- 7.1 North America Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.2 Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.3 China Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.4 Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.5 Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.6 India Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.7 South America Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis
8 Competitive Landscape
- 8.1 Competitive Profile
- 8.2 Seiyu
- 8.2.1 Company Profiles
- 8.2.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.2.3 Seiyu Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.2.4 Seiyu Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.3 MatchaKyoto.com
- 8.3.1 Company Profiles
- 8.3.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.3.3 MatchaKyoto.com Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.3.4 MatchaKyoto.com Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.4 Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd.
- 8.4.1 Company Profiles
- 8.4.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.4.3 Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.4.4 Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd. Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.5 Nizona
- 8.5.1 Company Profiles
- 8.5.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.5.3 Nizona Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.5.4 Nizona Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.6 Ocean Food Company
- 8.6.1 Company Profiles
- 8.6.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.6.3 Ocean Food Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.6.4 Ocean Food Company Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.7 Biholon Company
- 8.7.1 Company Profiles
- 8.7.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.7.3 Biholon Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.7.4 Biholon Company Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.8 Shirakiku
- 8.8.1 Company Profiles
- 8.8.2 Private Label Food and Beverages Product Introduction
- 8.8.3 Shirakiku Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.8.4 Shirakiku Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
9 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
- 9.1 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
- 9.1.1 Private Label Food Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.2 Private Label Beverages Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2 Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
- 9.2.1 Offline Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.2 Online Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
10 Private Label Food and Beverages Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
- 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
- 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
- 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Research Finding and Conclusion
13 Appendix
- 13.1 Discussion Guide
- 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
- 13.3 Research Data Source
- 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture of Private Label Food and Beverages
Table Product Specification of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
Table Different Types of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022
Figure Private Label Food Picture
Figure Private Label Beverages Picture
Table Different Applications of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022
Figure Offline Picture
Figure Online Picture
Table Research Regions of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table China Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table India Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Emerging Countries of Private Label Food and Beverages
Table Growing Market of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Private Label Food and Beverages
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Private Label Food and Beverages with Contact Information
Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Private Label Food and Beverages in 2021
Table Major Players Private Label Food and Beverages Product Types in 2021
Figure Production Process of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Private Label Food and Beverages
Figure Channel Status of Private Label Food and Beverages
Table Major Distributors of Private Label Food and Beverages with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Private Label Food and Beverages with Contact Information
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Growth Rate of Private Label Food
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) and Growth Rate of Private Label Beverages
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Price by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate of Offline (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate of Online (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table China Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table India Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure China Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure India Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure South America Private Label Food and Beverages Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Private Label Food and Beverages SWOT Analysis
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Companies
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Companies
Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Seiyu Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Seiyu Production and Growth Rate
Figure Seiyu Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Seiyu Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table MatchaKyoto.com Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure MatchaKyoto.com Production and Growth Rate
Figure MatchaKyoto.com Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure MatchaKyoto.com Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd. Production and Growth Rate
Figure Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd. Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Nizona Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Nizona Production and Growth Rate
Figure Nizona Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Nizona Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Ocean Food Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Ocean Food Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Ocean Food Company Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Ocean Food Company Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Biholon Company Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Biholon Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Biholon Company Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Biholon Company Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Shirakiku Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Shirakiku Production and Growth Rate
Figure Shirakiku Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Shirakiku Market Share of Private Label Food and Beverages Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Private Label Food (2022-2027)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Private Label Food (2022-2027)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Private Label Beverages (2022-2027)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Private Label Beverages (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate of Offline (2017-2022)
Figure Global Private Label Food and Beverages Consumption and Growth Rate of Online (2017-2022)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Online (2022-2027)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Online (2022-2027)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
The Private Label Food and Beverages market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Private Label Food and Beverages industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Private Label Food and Beverages market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Private Label Food and Beverages market.
The Private Label Food and Beverages market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Private Label Food and Beverages market are:
Seiyu
MatchaKyoto.com
Japan GreenTea co.,Ltd.
Nizona
Ocean Food Company
Biholon Company
Shirakiku
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Private Label Food and Beverages market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others
Most important types of Private Label Food and Beverages products covered in this report are:
Private Label Food
Private Label Beverages
Most widely used downstream fields of Private Label Food and Beverages market covered in this report are:
Offline
Online
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Private Label Food and Beverages market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Private Label Food and Beverages Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Private Label Food and Beverages Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Private Label Food and Beverages.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Private Label Food and Beverages.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Private Label Food and Beverages by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Private Label Food and Beverages Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Private Label Food and Beverages Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Private Label Food and Beverages.
Chapter 9: Private Label Food and Beverages Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.