Chapter 1 Industry Overview

• 1.1 Definition
• 1.2 Assumptions
• 1.3 Research Scope
• 1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
  • 1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
  • 1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2021-2026)
• 1.5 Global Phenolic Resins Market Size Analysis from 2021 to 2026
  • 1.5.1 Global Phenolic Resins Market Size Analysis from 2021 to 2026 by Consumption Volume
  • 1.5.2 Global Phenolic Resins Market Size Analysis from 2021 to 2026 by Value
  • 1.5.3 Global Phenolic Resins Price Trends Analysis from 2021 to 2026
• 1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: Phenolic Resins Industry Impact

Chapter 2 Covid-19 Impact: Global Phenolic Resins Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries

• 2.1 Global Phenolic Resins (Volume and Value) by Type
  • 2.1.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
  • 2.1.2 Global Phenolic Resins Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
• 2.2 Global Phenolic Resins (Volume and Value) by Application
  • 2.2.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption and Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
  • 2.2.2 Global Phenolic Resins Revenue and Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
• 2.3 Global Phenolic Resins (Volume and Value) by Regions
  • 2.3.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
  • 2.3.2 Global Phenolic Resins Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Chapter 3 Covid-19 Impact: Production Market Analysis

• 3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
  • 3.1.1 2015-2020 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
  • 3.1.2 2015-2020 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
• 3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
  • 3.2.1 2015-2020 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
  • 3.2.2 North America Market
  • 3.2.3 East Asia Market
  • 3.2.4 Europe Market
  • 3.2.5 South Asia Market
  • 3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
  • 3.2.7 Middle East Market
  • 3.2.8 Africa Market
  • 3.2.9 Oceania Market
  • 3.2.10 South America Market
  • 3.2.11 Rest of the World Market

Chapter 4 Covid-19 Impact: Global Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2015-2020)

• 4.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
• 4.2 North America Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.3 East Asia Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.4 Europe Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.5 South Asia Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.6 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.7 Middle East Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.8 Africa Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.9 Oceania Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)
• 4.10 South America Phenolic Resins Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2015-2020)

Chapter 5 Covid-19 Impact: North America Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 5.1 North America Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 5.1.1 North America Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 5.2 North America Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 5.3 North America Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 5.4 North America Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 5.4.1 United States Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 5.4.2 Canada Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 5.4.3 Mexico Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 6 Covid-19 Impact: East Asia Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 6.1 East Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 6.1.1 East Asia Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 6.2 East Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 6.3 East Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 6.4 East Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 6.4.1 China Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 6.4.2 Japan Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 6.4.3 South Korea Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 7 Covid-19 Impact: Europe Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 7.1 Europe Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 7.1.1 Europe Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 7.2 Europe Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 7.3 Europe Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 7.4 Europe Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 7.4.1 Germany Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.2 UK Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.3 France Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.4 Italy Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.5 Russia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.6 Spain Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.7 Netherlands Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.8 Switzerland Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 7.4.9 Poland Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 8 Covid-19 Impact: South Asia Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 8.1 South Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 8.1.1 South Asia Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 8.2 South Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 8.3 South Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 8.4 South Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 8.4.1 India Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 8.4.2 Pakistan Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 8.4.3 Bangladesh Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 9 Covid-19 Impact: Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 9.1 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 9.1.1 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 9.2 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 9.3 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 9.4 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 9.4.1 Indonesia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 9.4.2 Thailand Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 9.4.3 Singapore Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 9.4.4 Malaysia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 9.4.5 Philippines Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 9.4.6 Vietnam Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 9.4.7 Myanmar Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 10 Covid-19 Impact: Middle East Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 10.1 Middle East Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 10.1.1 Middle East Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 10.2 Middle East Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 10.3 Middle East Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 10.4 Middle East Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 10.4.1 Turkey Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.2 Saudi Arabia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.3 Iran Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.4 United Arab Emirates Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.5 Israel Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.6 Iraq Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.7 Qatar Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.8 Kuwait Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 10.4.9 Oman Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 11 Covid-19 Impact: Africa Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 11.1 Africa Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 11.1.1 Africa Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 11.2 Africa Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 11.3 Africa Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 11.4 Africa Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 11.4.1 Nigeria Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 11.4.2 South Africa Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 11.4.3 Egypt Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 11.4.4 Algeria Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 11.4.5 Morocco Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 12 Covid-19 Impact: Oceania Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 12.1 Oceania Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
• 12.2 Oceania Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 12.3 Oceania Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 12.4 Oceania Phenolic Resins Consumption by Top Countries
  • 12.4.1 Australia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 12.4.2 New Zealand Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 13 Covid-19 Impact: South America Phenolic Resins Market Analysis

• 13.1 South America Phenolic Resins Consumption and Value Analysis
  • 13.1.1 South America Phenolic Resins Market Under COVID-19
• 13.2 South America Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Types
• 13.3 South America Phenolic Resins Consumption Structure by Application
• 13.4 South America Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume by Major Countries
  • 13.4.1 Brazil Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.2 Argentina Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.3 Columbia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.4 Chile Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.5 Venezuela Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.6 Peru Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.7 Puerto Rico Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020
  • 13.4.8 Ecuador Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume from 2015 to 2020

Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Phenolic Resins Business

• 14.1 Hexion
  • 14.1.1 Hexion Company Profile
  • 14.1.2 Hexion Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.1.3 Hexion Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.1.4 Hexion Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.2 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals
  • 14.2.1 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Company Profile
  • 14.2.2 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.2.3 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.2.4 Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.3 Jinan Shengquan Group
  • 14.3.1 Jinan Shengquan Group Company Profile
  • 14.3.2 Jinan Shengquan Group Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.3.3 Jinan Shengquan Group Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.3.4 Jinan Shengquan Group Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.4 Sbhpp
  • 14.4.1 Sbhpp Company Profile
  • 14.4.2 Sbhpp Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.4.3 Sbhpp Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.4.4 Sbhpp Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.5 Metadynea International
  • 14.5.1 Metadynea International Company Profile
  • 14.5.2 Metadynea International Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.5.3 Metadynea International Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.5.4 Metadynea International Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.6 SI Group
  • 14.6.1 SI Group Company Profile
  • 14.6.2 SI Group Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.6.3 SI Group Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.6.4 SI Group Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.7 Prefere Resins
  • 14.7.1 Prefere Resins Company Profile
  • 14.7.2 Prefere Resins Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.7.3 Prefere Resins Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.7.4 Prefere Resins Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.8 Allnex Belgium
  • 14.8.1 Allnex Belgium Company Profile
  • 14.8.2 Allnex Belgium Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.8.3 Allnex Belgium Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.8.4 Allnex Belgium Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.9 Tong Cheng
  • 14.9.1 Tong Cheng Company Profile
  • 14.9.2 Tong Cheng Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.9.3 Tong Cheng Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.9.4 Tong Cheng Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.10 Chang Chun Group
  • 14.10.1 Chang Chun Group Company Profile
  • 14.10.2 Chang Chun Group Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.10.3 Chang Chun Group Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.10.4 Chang Chun Group Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.11 Lerg SA
  • 14.11.1 Lerg SA Company Profile
  • 14.11.2 Lerg SA Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.11.3 Lerg SA Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.11.4 Lerg SA Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.12 Mitsui Chemicals
  • 14.12.1 Mitsui Chemicals Company Profile
  • 14.12.2 Mitsui Chemicals Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.12.3 Mitsui Chemicals Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.12.4 Mitsui Chemicals Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.13 Kolon Industries
  • 14.13.1 Kolon Industries Company Profile
  • 14.13.2 Kolon Industries Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.13.3 Kolon Industries Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.13.4 Kolon Industries Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.14 Aica Kogyo
  • 14.14.1 Aica Kogyo Company Profile
  • 14.14.2 Aica Kogyo Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.14.3 Aica Kogyo Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.14.4 Aica Kogyo Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.15 UCP Chemicals AG
  • 14.15.1 UCP Chemicals AG Company Profile
  • 14.15.2 UCP Chemicals AG Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.15.3 UCP Chemicals AG Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.15.4 UCP Chemicals AG Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.16 Plenco
  • 14.16.1 Plenco Company Profile
  • 14.16.2 Plenco Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.16.3 Plenco Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.16.4 Plenco Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.17 BASF
  • 14.17.1 BASF Company Profile
  • 14.17.2 BASF Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.17.3 BASF Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.17.4 BASF Phenolic Resins Sales by Types
• 14.18 Shandong Laiwu Runda
  • 14.18.1 Shandong Laiwu Runda Company Profile
  • 14.18.2 Shandong Laiwu Runda Phenolic Resins Product Specification
  • 14.18.3 Shandong Laiwu Runda Phenolic Resins Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
  • 14.18.4 Shandong Laiwu Runda Phenolic Resins Sales by Types

Chapter 15 Global Phenolic Resins Market Forecast (2021-2026)

• 15.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.1.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.1.2 Global Phenolic Resins Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
• 15.2 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.2 Global Phenolic Resins Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.3 North America Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.4 East Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.5 Europe Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.6 South Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.7 Southeast Asia Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.8 Middle East Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.9 Africa Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.10 Oceania Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
  • 15.2.11 South America Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
• 15.3 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
  • 15.3.1 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
  • 15.3.2 Global Phenolic Resins Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
  • 15.3.3 Global Phenolic Resins Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
• 15.4 Global Phenolic Resins Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
• 15.5 Phenolic Resins Market Forecast Under COVID-19

Chapter 16 Conclusions

Research Methodology

The research team projects that the Phenolic Resins market size will grow from XXX in 2019 to XXX by 2026, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2019, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2026.

The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing with 10 major regions and 50 major countries. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better.

By Market Players:
Hexion
Georgia-Pacific Chemicals
Jinan Shengquan Group
Sbhpp
Metadynea International
SI Group
Prefere Resins
Allnex Belgium
Tong Cheng
Chang Chun Group
Lerg SA
Mitsui Chemicals
Kolon Industries
Aica Kogyo
UCP Chemicals AG
Plenco
BASF
Shandong Laiwu Runda

By Type
Thermoplastic Phenolic Resin
Thermosetting Phenolic Resin

By Application
Wood Adhesives
Foundry
Molding
Abrasive Material
Insulation
Others

By Regions/Countries:
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico

East Asia
China
Japan
South Korea

Europe
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Russia
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Poland

South Asia
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh

Southeast Asia
Indonesia
Thailand
Singapore
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Myanmar

Middle East
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
Iran
United Arab Emirates
Israel
Iraq
Qatar
Kuwait
Oman

Africa
Nigeria
South Africa
Egypt
Algeria
Morocoo

Oceania
Australia
New Zealand

South America
Brazil
Argentina
Colombia
Chile
Venezuela
Peru
Puerto Rico
Ecuador

Rest of the World
Kazakhstan

Points Covered in The Report
The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc.
The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analyzed 12 years data history and forecast.
The growth factors of the market is discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail.
Data and information by market player, by region, by type, by application and etc, and custom research can be added according to specific requirements.
The report contains the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report contains the conclusion part where the opinions of the industrial experts are included.

Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.