Non-Woven Fabric Market Research: Global Status & Forecast by Geography, Type & Application (2015-2025)
Table of Content
1 Industrial Chain Overview
- 1.1 Non-Woven Fabric Industry
- 1.1.1 Overview
- 1.1.2 Characteristics of Non-Woven Fabric
- 1.2 Upstream
- 1.2.1 Major Materials
- 1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview
- 1.3 Product List By Type
- 1.3.1 Meltblown
- 1.3.2 Spunbonded
- 1.3.3 Spunlace
- 1.3.4 Needle Punch
- 1.3.5 Others
- 1.4 End-Use List
- 1.4.1 Demand in Hygiene
- 1.4.2 Demand in Construction
- 1.4.3 Demand in Filtration
- 1.4.4 Demand in Automotive
- 1.4.5 Demand in Others
- 1.5 Global Market Overview
- 1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2015-2025
- 1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2015-2025
- 1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2015-2025
- 1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2015-2025
2 Global Production & Consumption by Geography
- 2.1 Global Production & Consumption
- 2.1.1 Global Production
- 2.1.2 Global Consumption
- 2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
- 2.2.1 Production
- 2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific
- 2.2.1.2 North America
- 2.2.1.3 South America
- 2.2.1.4 Europe
- 2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa
- 2.2.2 Consumption
- 2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific
- 2.2.2.2 North America
- 2.2.2.3 South America
- 2.2.2.4 Europe
- 2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa
3 Major Manufacturers Introduction
- 3.1 Manufacturers Overview
- 3.2 Manufacturers List
- 3.2.1 AVINTIV Overview
- 3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.2 Freudenberg Overview
- 3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.3 DuPont Overview
- 3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.4 Ahlstrom Overview
- 3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.5 Kimberly-Clark Overview
- 3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.6 Fitesa Overview
- 3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.7 Glatfelter Overview
- 3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.8 Johns Manville Overview
- 3.2.8.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.8.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.8.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.8.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.9 Low & Bonar Overview
- 3.2.9.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.9.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.9.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.9.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.10 Georgia-Pacific Overview
- 3.2.10.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.10.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.10.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.10.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.11 Lydall Overview
- 3.2.11.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.11.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.11.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.11.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.12 Avgol Overview
- 3.2.12.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.12.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.12.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.12.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.13 Hollingsworth & Vose Overview
- 3.2.13.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.13.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.13.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.13.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.14 Toray Overview
- 3.2.14.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.14.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.14.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.14.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.15 First Quality Overview
- 3.2.15.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.15.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.15.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.15.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.16 Fibertex Overview
- 3.2.16.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.16.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.16.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.16.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.17 PEGAS Overview
- 3.2.17.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.17.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.17.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.17.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.18 Asahi Kasei Overview
- 3.2.18.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.18.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.18.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.18.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.19 Mitsui Overview
- 3.2.19.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.19.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.19.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.19.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.20 Kingsafe Group Overview
- 3.2.20.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.20.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.20.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.20.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.21 Dalian Ruiguang Group Overview
- 3.2.21.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.21.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.21.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.21.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.22 Huifeng Nonwoven Overview
- 3.2.22.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.22.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.22.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.22.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.23 Beautiful Nonwoven Overview
- 3.2.23.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.23.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.23.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.23.4 Future Strategic Planning
- 3.2.24 Jinsheng Huihuang Overview
- 3.2.24.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.24.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
- 3.2.24.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.24.4 Future Strategic Planning
4 Market Competition Pattern
- 4.1 Market Size and Sketch
- 4.2 Company Market Share
- 4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers
- 4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis
- 4.3 Market News and Trend
- 4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition
- 4.3.2 New Product Launch
5 Product Type Segment
- 5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment
- 5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
- 5.2.1 Market in Meltblown
- 5.2.1.1 Market Size
- 5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
- 5.2.2 Market in Spunbonded
- 5.2.2.1 Market Size
- 5.2.2.2 Situation & Development
- 5.2.3 Market in Spunlace
- 5.2.3.1 Market Size
- 5.2.3.2 Situation & Development
- 5.2.4 Market in Needle Punch
- 5.2.4.1 Market Size
- 5.2.4.2 Situation & Development
- 5.2.5 Market in Others
- 5.2.5.1 Market Size
- 5.2.5.2 Situation & Development
6 End-Use Segment
- 6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment
- 6.2 Segment Subdivision
- 6.2.1 Market in Hygiene
- 6.2.1.1 Market Size
- 6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
- 6.2.2 Market in Construction
- 6.2.2.1 Market Size
- 6.2.2.2 Situation & Development
- 6.2.3 Market in Filtration
- 6.2.3.1 Market Size
- 6.2.3.2 Situation & Development
- 6.2.4 Market in Automotive
- 6.2.4.1 Market Size
- 6.2.4.2 Situation & Development
- 6.2.5 Market in Others
- 6.2.5.1 Market Size
- 6.2.5.2 Situation & Development
7 Market Forecast & Trend
- 7.1 Regional Forecast
- 7.2 Consumption Forecast
- 7.2.1 Product Type Forecast
- 7.2.2 End-Use Forecast
- 7.3 Investment Trend
- 7.4 Consumption Trend
8 Price & Channel
- 8.1 Price and Cost
- 8.1.1 Price
- 8.1.2 Cost
- 8.2 Channel Segment
9 Market Drivers & Investment Environment
- 9.1 Market Drivers
- 9.2 Investment Environment
10 Research Conclusion
List of Tables
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2015-2025
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2015-2025
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2015-2025
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2018
Table AVINTIV Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of AVINTIV (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Freudenberg Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Freudenberg (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table DuPont Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of DuPont (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Ahlstrom Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Ahlstrom (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kimberly-Clark Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Kimberly-Clark (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Fitesa Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Fitesa (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Glatfelter Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Glatfelter (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Johns Manville Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Johns Manville (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Low & Bonar Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Low & Bonar (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Georgia-Pacific Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Georgia-Pacific (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Lydall Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Lydall (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Avgol Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Avgol (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Hollingsworth & Vose Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Hollingsworth & Vose (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Toray Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Toray (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table First Quality Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of First Quality (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Fibertex Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Fibertex (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table PEGAS Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of PEGAS (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Asahi Kasei Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Asahi Kasei (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Mitsui Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Mitsui (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Kingsafe Group Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Kingsafe Group (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Dalian Ruiguang Group Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Dalian Ruiguang Group (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Huifeng Nonwoven Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Huifeng Nonwoven (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Beautiful Nonwoven Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Beautiful Nonwoven (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Jinsheng Huihuang Overview List
Table Non-Woven Fabric Business Operation of Jinsheng Huihuang (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2015-2018, in Volume
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2019-2025, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2019-2025, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2019-2025, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2019-2025, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2019-2025, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2019-2025, in Volume
List of Figures
Figure Non-Woven Fabric Picture List
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2015-2025
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2015-2018, in Million USD
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2019, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2019, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Meltblown, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Meltblown, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Spunbonded, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Spunbonded, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Spunlace, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Spunlace, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Needle Punch, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Needle Punch, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Hygiene, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Hygiene, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Construction, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Filtration, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Filtration, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Automotive, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Automotive, 2015-2018, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2015-2018, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2015-2018, in Volume
- 6.2.1 Market in Hygiene
- 5.2.1 Market in Meltblown
- 3.2.1 AVINTIV Overview
- 2.2.1 Production
According to 99Strategy, the Global Non-Woven Fabric Market is estimated to reach xxx million USD in 2019 and projected to grow at the CAGR of xx% during the 2020-2025. The report analyses the global Non-Woven Fabric market, the market size and growth, as well as the major market participants.
The analysis includes market size, upstream situation, market segmentation, market segmentation, price & cost and industry environment. In addition, the report outlines the factors driving industry growth and the description of market channels.The report begins from overview of industrial chain structure, and describes the upstream. Besides, the report analyses market size and forecast in different geographies, type and end-use segment, in addition, the report introduces market competition overview among the major companies and companies profiles, besides, market price and channel features are covered in the report.
Key Regions
Asia Pacific
North America
Europe
South America
Middle East & Africa
Key Companies
AVINTIV
Freudenberg
DuPont
Ahlstrom
Kimberly-Clark
Fitesa
Glatfelter
Johns Manville
Low & Bonar
Georgia-Pacific
Lydall
Avgol
Hollingsworth & Vose
Toray
First Quality
Fibertex
PEGAS
Asahi Kasei
Mitsui
Kingsafe Group
Dalian Ruiguang Group
Huifeng Nonwoven
Beautiful Nonwoven
Jinsheng Huihuang
Key Product Type
Meltblown
Spunbonded
Spunlace
Needle Punch
Others
Market by Application
Hygiene
Construction
Filtration
Automotive
Others
Main Aspects covered in the Report
Overview of the Non-Woven Fabric market including production, consumption, status & forecast and market growth
2015-2018 historical data and 2019-2025 market forecast
Geographical analysis including major countries
Overview the product type market including development
Overview the end-user market including development