L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Market Research: Global Status & Forecast by Geography, Type & Application (2017-2027)
Table of Content
1 Industrial Chain Overview
- 1.1 L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Industry
- 1.1.1 Overview
Figure L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Picture List
- 1.1.2 Characteristics of L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate
- 1.2.1 Major Materials
- 1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview
- 1.3.1 Food Grade
- 1.3.2 Medical Grade
- 1.3.3 Industrial Grade
- 1.4.1 Demand in Pharamceutical
- 1.4.2 Demand in Food Additives
- 1.4.3 Demand in Cosmetic
- 1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2017-2027
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
- 1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
- 1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
- 1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
2 Global Production & Consumption by Geography
- 2.1 Global Production & Consumption
- 2.1.1 Global Production
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.1.2 Global Consumption
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption
- 2.2.1 Production
- 2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.1.2 North America
- 2.2.1 Production
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.1.3 South America
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.1.4 Europe
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.2 Consumption
- 2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.2.2 North America
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.2.3 South America
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.2.4 Europe
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
- 2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
3 Major Manufacturers Introduction
- 3.1 Manufacturers Overview
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021
- 3.2 Manufacturers List
- 3.2.1 Ajinomoto Overview
Table Ajinomoto Overview List
- 3.2.1.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Ajinomoto (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.1.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Rochem International Overview List
- 3.2.2.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Rochem International (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.2.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Nippon Rika Overview List
- 3.2.3.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Nippon Rika (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.3.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Manmar Industries Overview List
- 3.2.4.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Manmar Industries (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.4.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Ningbo Hengyi Biotechnology Overview List
- 3.2.5.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Ningbo Hengyi Biotechnology (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.5.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Hairui Chem Overview List
- 3.2.6.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Hairui Chem (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.6.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Grand Hoyo Overview List
- 3.2.7.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Grand Hoyo (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.7.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning
Table Wuxi Bikang Biological Overview List
- 3.2.8.1 Product Specifications
- 3.2.8.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Wuxi Bikang Biological (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
- 3.2.8.3 Recent Developments
- 3.2.8.4 Future Strategic Planning
4 Market Competition Pattern
- 4.1 Market Size and Sketch
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
- 4.2 Company Market Share
- 4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD
- 4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis
- 4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition
- 4.3.2 New Product Launch
5 Product Type Segment
- 5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
- 5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type
- 5.2.1 Market in Food Grade
- 5.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
- 5.2.1.2 Situation & Development
- 5.2.1 Market in Food Grade
- 5.2.2 Market in Medical Grade
- 5.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Medical Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Medical Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
- 5.2.2.2 Situation & Development
- 5.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
- 5.2.3.2 Situation & Development
6 End-Use Segment
- 6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
- 6.2 Segment Subdivision
- 6.2.1 Market in Pharamceutical
- 6.2.1.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Pharamceutical, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Pharamceutical, 2017-2021, in Volume
- 6.2.1.2 Situation & Development
- 6.2.1 Market in Pharamceutical
- 6.2.2 Market in Food Additives
- 6.2.2.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Additives, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Additives, 2017-2021, in Volume
- 6.2.2.2 Situation & Development
- 6.2.3.1 Market Size
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Cosmetic, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Cosmetic, 2017-2021, in Volume
- 6.2.3.2 Situation & Development
7 Market Forecast & Trend
- 7.1 Regional Forecast
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
- 7.2 Consumption Forecast
- 7.2.1 Product Type Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
- 7.2.2 End-Use Forecast
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
- 7.3 Investment Trend
- 7.4 Consumption Trend
8 Price & Channel
- 8.1 Price and Cost
- 8.1.1 Price
- 8.1.2 Cost
Figure Cost Component Ratio
- 8.2 Channel Segment
9 Market Drivers & Investment Environment
- 9.1 Market Drivers
- 9.2 Investment Environment
- 9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Industry
- 9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
- 9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
- 9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels
- 9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition
- 9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment
10 Research Conclusion
List of Table
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information
Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021
Table Ajinomoto Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Ajinomoto (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Rochem International Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Rochem International (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Nippon Rika Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Nippon Rika (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Manmar Industries Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Manmar Industries (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Ningbo Hengyi Biotechnology Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Ningbo Hengyi Biotechnology (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Hairui Chem Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Hairui Chem (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Grand Hoyo Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Grand Hoyo (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Wuxi Bikang Biological Overview List
Table L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Business Operation of Wuxi Bikang Biological (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD
Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume
List of Figure
Figure L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Picture List
Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027
Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview
Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume
Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Medical Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Medical Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Industrial Grade, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Pharamceutical, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Pharamceutical, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Additives, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Food Additives, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Cosmetic, 2017-2021, in USD Million
Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Cosmetic, 2017-2021, in Volume
Figure Cost Component Ratio
According to 99Strategy, the Global L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate Market is estimated to reach xxx million USD in 2021 and projected to grow at the CAGR of xx% during the 2022-2027. The report analyses the global L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate market, the market size and growth, as well as the major market participants.
The analysis includes market size, upstream situation, market segmentation, market segmentation, price & cost and industry environment. In addition, the report outlines the factors driving industry growth and the description of market channels.The report begins from overview of industrial chain structure, and describes the upstream. Besides, the report analyses market size and forecast in different geographies, type and end-use segment, in addition, the report introduces market competition overview among the major companies and companies profiles, besides, market price and channel features are covered in the report.
Key Regions
Asia Pacific
North America
Europe
South America
Middle East & Africa
Key Companies
Ajinomoto
Rochem International
Nippon Rika
Manmar Industries
Ningbo Hengyi Biotechnology
Hairui Chem
Grand Hoyo
Wuxi Bikang Biological
Key Product Type
Food Grade
Medical Grade
Industrial Grade
Market by Application
Pharamceutical
Food Additives
Cosmetic
Main Aspects covered in the Report
Overview of the L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate market including production, consumption, status & forecast and market growth
2017-2021 historical data and 2022-2027 market forecast
Geographical analysis including major countries
Overview the product type market including development
Overview the end-user market including development