Global IR LED Industry Market Research Report

1 IR LED Introduction and Market Overview

• 1.1 Objectives of the Study
• 1.2 Definition of IR LED
• 1.3 IR LED Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
  • 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
  • 1.3.2 Global IR LED Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
• 1.4 Market Segmentation
  • 1.4.1 Types of IR LED
  • 1.4.2 Applications of IR LED
  • 1.4.3 Research Regions
    • 1.4.3.1 North America IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.2 Europe IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.3 China IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.4 Japan IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.6 India IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    • 1.4.3.7 South America IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
• 1.5 Market Dynamics
  • 1.5.1 Drivers
    • 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of IR LED
    • 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of IR LED
  • 1.5.2 Limitations
  • 1.5.3 Opportunities
• 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
  • 1.6.1 Industry News
  • 1.6.2 Industry Policies

2 Industry Chain Analysis

• 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of IR LED Analysis
• 2.2 Major Players of IR LED
  • 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of IR LED in 2021
  • 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
• 2.3 IR LED Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
  • 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
  • 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of IR LED
  • 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of IR LED
  • 2.3.4 Labor Cost of IR LED
• 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of IR LED
• 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of IR LED Analysis

3 Global IR LED Market, by Type

• 3.1 Global IR LED Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.2 Global IR LED Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.3 Global IR LED Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
• 3.4 Global IR LED Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)

4 IR LED Market, by Application

• 4.1 Global IR LED Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
• 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
• 4.3 Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)

5 Global IR LED Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

• 5.1 Global IR LED Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.2 Global IR LED Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
• 5.3 Global IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.4 North America IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.5 Europe IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.6 China IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.7 Japan IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.9 India IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
• 5.10 South America IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

6 Global IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)

• 6.1 Global IR LED Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
• 6.2 North America IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.3 Europe IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.4 China IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.5 Japan IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.6 Middle East & Africa IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.7 India IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
• 6.8 South America IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

7 Global IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

• 7.1 North America IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.2 Europe IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.3 China IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.4 Japan IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.5 Middle East & Africa IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.6 India IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis
• 7.7 South America IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis

8 Competitive Landscape

• 8.1 Competitive Profile
• 8.2 ON Semiconducts
  • 8.2.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.2.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.2.3 ON Semiconducts Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.2.4 ON Semiconducts Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.3 Lextar Electronics Corporation
  • 8.3.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.3.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.3.3 Lextar Electronics Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.3.4 Lextar Electronics Corporation Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.4 High Power Lighting Corporation
  • 8.4.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.4.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.4.3 High Power Lighting Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.4.4 High Power Lighting Corporation Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.5 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
  • 8.5.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.5.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.5.3 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.5.4 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.6 Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd
  • 8.6.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.6.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.6.3 Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.6.4 Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.7 Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd.
  • 8.7.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.7.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.7.3 Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.7.4 Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd. Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.8 EPILEDS Co. Ltd.
  • 8.8.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.8.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.8.3 EPILEDS Co. Ltd. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.8.4 EPILEDS Co. Ltd. Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.9 Koninklijke Philips NV
  • 8.9.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.9.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.9.3 Koninklijke Philips NV Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.9.4 Koninklijke Philips NV Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.10 NICHIA CORPORATION
  • 8.10.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.10.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.10.3 NICHIA CORPORATION Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.10.4 NICHIA CORPORATION Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021
• 8.11 Epistar Corporation
  • 8.11.1 Company Profiles
  • 8.11.2 IR LED Product Introduction
  • 8.11.3 Epistar Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
  • 8.11.4 Epistar Corporation Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

9 Global IR LED Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application

• 9.1 Global IR LED Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.1 IR LED Chip Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.1.2 IR LED Package Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
• 9.2 Global IR LED Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.1 Optical Sensing Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.2 Automated Drive Systems Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
  • 9.2.3 Security & Surveillance Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)

10 IR LED Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

• 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
• 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)

11 New Project Feasibility Analysis

• 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
• 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment

12 Research Finding and Conclusion

13 Appendix

• 13.1 Discussion Guide
• 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
• 13.3 Research Data Source
• 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture of IR LED

Table Product Specification of IR LED

Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of IR LED

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027

Table Different Types of IR LED

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022

Figure IR LED Chip Picture

Figure IR LED Package Picture

Table Different Applications of IR LED

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022

Figure Optical Sensing Picture

Figure Automated Drive Systems Picture

Figure Security & Surveillance Picture

Table Research Regions of IR LED

Figure North America IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Figure Europe IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table China IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Japan IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table India IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table South America IR LED Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Table Emerging Countries of IR LED

Table Growing Market of IR LED

Figure Industry Chain Analysis of IR LED

Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of IR LED with Contact Information

Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of IR LED in 2021

Table Major Players IR LED Product Types in 2021

Figure Production Process of IR LED

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of IR LED

Figure Channel Status of IR LED

Table Major Distributors of IR LED with Contact Information

Table Major Downstream Buyers of IR LED with Contact Information

Table Global IR LED Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Production by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Production Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) and Growth Rate of IR LED Chip

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) and Growth Rate of IR LED Package

Figure Global IR LED Price by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Consumption by Application (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application

Figure Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate of Optical Sensing (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate of Automated Drive Systems (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate of Security & Surveillance (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Production by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table North America IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Europe IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table China IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Japan IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table India IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table South America IR LED Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table Global IR LED Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Table North America IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Europe IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table China IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Japan IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table Middle East & Africa IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table India IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Table South America IR LED Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)

Figure North America IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure North America IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure Europe IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Europe IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure China IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure China IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure Japan IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Japan IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure Middle East & Africa IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure India IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure India IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure South America IR LED Production and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis

Figure South America IR LED SWOT Analysis

Figure Top 3 Market Share of IR LED Companies

Figure Top 6 Market Share of IR LED Companies

Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table ON Semiconducts Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure ON Semiconducts Production and Growth Rate

Figure ON Semiconducts Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure ON Semiconducts Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Lextar Electronics Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Lextar Electronics Corporation Production and Growth Rate

Figure Lextar Electronics Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Lextar Electronics Corporation Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table High Power Lighting Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure High Power Lighting Corporation Production and Growth Rate

Figure High Power Lighting Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure High Power Lighting Corporation Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Production and Growth Rate

Figure OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd Production and Growth Rate

Figure Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd. Production and Growth Rate

Figure Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd. Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table EPILEDS Co. Ltd. Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure EPILEDS Co. Ltd. Production and Growth Rate

Figure EPILEDS Co. Ltd. Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure EPILEDS Co. Ltd. Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Koninklijke Philips NV Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Koninklijke Philips NV Production and Growth Rate

Figure Koninklijke Philips NV Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Koninklijke Philips NV Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table NICHIA CORPORATION Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure NICHIA CORPORATION Production and Growth Rate

Figure NICHIA CORPORATION Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure NICHIA CORPORATION Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Company Profiles

Table Product Introduction

Table Epistar Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022

Figure Epistar Corporation Production and Growth Rate

Figure Epistar Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022

Figure Epistar Corporation Market Share of IR LED Segmented by Region in 2021

Table Global IR LED Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type

Table Global IR LED Market Volume Forecast, by Type

Figure Global IR LED Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of IR LED Chip (2022-2027)

Figure Global IR LED Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of IR LED Chip (2022-2027)

Figure Global IR LED Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of IR LED Package (2022-2027)

Figure Global IR LED Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of IR LED Package (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate of Optical Sensing (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate of Automated Drive Systems (2017-2022)

Figure Global IR LED Consumption and Growth Rate of Security & Surveillance (2017-2022)

Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Security & Surveillance (2022-2027)

Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Security & Surveillance (2022-2027)

Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)

Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis

Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis

Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery

The IR LED market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the IR LED industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of IR LED market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the IR LED market.
The IR LED market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.

Major Players in IR LED market are:
ON Semiconducts
Lextar Electronics Corporation
High Power Lighting Corporation
OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
Kingbright Electronics Co., Ltd
Everlight Electronics Co. Ltd.
EPILEDS Co. Ltd.
Koninklijke Philips NV
NICHIA CORPORATION
Epistar Corporation

Major Regions that plays a vital role in IR LED market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others

Most important types of IR LED products covered in this report are:
IR LED Chip
IR LED Package

Most widely used downstream fields of IR LED market covered in this report are:
Optical Sensing
Automated Drive Systems
Security & Surveillance

There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the IR LED market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.

Chapter 1: IR LED Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.

Chapter 2: IR LED Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.

Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of IR LED.

Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of IR LED.

Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of IR LED by Regions (2017-2022).

Chapter 6: IR LED Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).

Chapter 7: IR LED Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of IR LED.

Chapter 9: IR LED Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).

Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).

Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.

Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.