Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market 2023 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2029
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor
- 1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
- 1.3 Market Analysis by Type
- 1.3.1 Overview: Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
- 1.3.2 Portable
- 1.3.3 Non Portable
- 1.4 Market Analysis by Application
- 1.4.1 Overview: Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
- 1.4.2 Mechanical Engineering
- 1.4.3 Automotive
- 1.4.4 Aeronautics
- 1.4.5 Marine
- 1.4.6 Oil And Gas
- 1.4.7 Chemical Industrial
- 1.4.8 Medical
- 1.4.9 Electrical
- 1.5 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size & Forecast
- 1.5.1 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
- 1.5.2 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
- 1.5.3 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
- 2.1 VMAC
- 2.1.1 VMAC Details
- 2.1.2 VMAC Major Business
- 2.1.3 VMAC Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.1.4 VMAC Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.1.5 VMAC Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.2 Sullair, LLC
- 2.2.1 Sullair, LLC Details
- 2.2.2 Sullair, LLC Major Business
- 2.2.3 Sullair, LLC Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.2.4 Sullair, LLC Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.2.5 Sullair, LLC Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.3 Avelair
- 2.3.1 Avelair Details
- 2.3.2 Avelair Major Business
- 2.3.3 Avelair Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.3.4 Avelair Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.3.5 Avelair Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.4 Genelite
- 2.4.1 Genelite Details
- 2.4.2 Genelite Major Business
- 2.4.3 Genelite Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.4.4 Genelite Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.4.5 Genelite Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.5 Sigma-Sensing
- 2.5.1 Sigma-Sensing Details
- 2.5.2 Sigma-Sensing Major Business
- 2.5.3 Sigma-Sensing Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.5.4 Sigma-Sensing Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.5.5 Sigma-Sensing Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.6 Chicago Pneumatic
- 2.6.1 Chicago Pneumatic Details
- 2.6.2 Chicago Pneumatic Major Business
- 2.6.3 Chicago Pneumatic Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.6.4 Chicago Pneumatic Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.6.5 Chicago Pneumatic Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.7 CAPS
- 2.7.1 CAPS Details
- 2.7.2 CAPS Major Business
- 2.7.3 CAPS Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.7.4 CAPS Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.7.5 CAPS Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.8 Carolina Cat
- 2.8.1 Carolina Cat Details
- 2.8.2 Carolina Cat Major Business
- 2.8.3 Carolina Cat Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.8.4 Carolina Cat Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.8.5 Carolina Cat Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.9 Remeza JSC
- 2.9.1 Remeza JSC Details
- 2.9.2 Remeza JSC Major Business
- 2.9.3 Remeza JSC Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.9.4 Remeza JSC Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.9.5 Remeza JSC Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.10 Doosan
- 2.10.1 Doosan Details
- 2.10.2 Doosan Major Business
- 2.10.3 Doosan Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.10.4 Doosan Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.10.5 Doosan Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.11 Clarke air
- 2.11.1 Clarke air Details
- 2.11.2 Clarke air Major Business
- 2.11.3 Clarke air Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.11.4 Clarke air Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.11.5 Clarke air Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.12 PowerLink
- 2.12.1 PowerLink Details
- 2.12.2 PowerLink Major Business
- 2.12.3 PowerLink Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.12.4 PowerLink Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.12.5 PowerLink Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.13 Emax Compressor
- 2.13.1 Emax Compressor Details
- 2.13.2 Emax Compressor Major Business
- 2.13.3 Emax Compressor Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.13.4 Emax Compressor Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.13.5 Emax Compressor Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.14 Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd
- 2.14.1 Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd Details
- 2.14.2 Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd Major Business
- 2.14.3 Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.14.4 Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.14.5 Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.15 Compressor Maintenance Co
- 2.15.1 Compressor Maintenance Co Details
- 2.15.2 Compressor Maintenance Co Major Business
- 2.15.3 Compressor Maintenance Co Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.15.4 Compressor Maintenance Co Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.15.5 Compressor Maintenance Co Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.16 Mi-TM Corporation
- 2.16.1 Mi-TM Corporation Details
- 2.16.2 Mi-TM Corporation Major Business
- 2.16.3 Mi-TM Corporation Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.16.4 Mi-TM Corporation Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.16.5 Mi-TM Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.17 FPS AIR COMPRESSORS
- 2.17.1 FPS AIR COMPRESSORS Details
- 2.17.2 FPS AIR COMPRESSORS Major Business
- 2.17.3 FPS AIR COMPRESSORS Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.17.4 FPS AIR COMPRESSORS Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.17.5 FPS AIR COMPRESSORS Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.18 ELGi
- 2.18.1 ELGi Details
- 2.18.2 ELGi Major Business
- 2.18.3 ELGi Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.18.4 ELGi Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.18.5 ELGi Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.19 Sollant
- 2.19.1 Sollant Details
- 2.19.2 Sollant Major Business
- 2.19.3 Sollant Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.19.4 Sollant Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.19.5 Sollant Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.20 Viking Industrial Pty Ltd
- 2.20.1 Viking Industrial Pty Ltd Details
- 2.20.2 Viking Industrial Pty Ltd Major Business
- 2.20.3 Viking Industrial Pty Ltd Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.20.4 Viking Industrial Pty Ltd Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.20.5 Viking Industrial Pty Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.21 Sollant Group
- 2.21.1 Sollant Group Details
- 2.21.2 Sollant Group Major Business
- 2.21.3 Sollant Group Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.21.4 Sollant Group Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.21.5 Sollant Group Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.22 Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
- 2.22.1 Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Details
- 2.22.2 Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Major Business
- 2.22.3 Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.22.4 Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.22.5 Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.23 TEWATT
- 2.23.1 TEWATT Details
- 2.23.2 TEWATT Major Business
- 2.23.3 TEWATT Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Product and Services
- 2.23.4 TEWATT Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
- 2.23.5 TEWATT Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Industrial Diesel Air Compressor by Manufacturer
- 3.1 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
- 3.2 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
- 3.3 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
- 3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
- 3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
- 3.4.2 Top 3 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
- 3.4.2 Top 6 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
- 3.5 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
- 3.5.1 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market: Region Footprint
- 3.5.2 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market: Company Product Type Footprint
- 3.5.3 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market: Company Product Application Footprint
- 3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
- 3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
- 4.1 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size by Region
- 4.1.1 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
- 4.1.2 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
- 4.1.3 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
- 4.2 North America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value (2018-2029)
- 4.3 Europe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value (2018-2029)
- 4.4 Asia-Pacific Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value (2018-2029)
- 4.5 South America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value (2018-2029)
- 4.6 Middle East and Africa Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
- 5.1 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
- 5.2 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
- 5.3 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
- 6.1 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
- 6.2 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
- 6.3 Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
- 7.1 North America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
- 7.2 North America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
- 7.3 North America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size by Country
- 7.3.1 North America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
- 7.3.2 North America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
- 7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
- 8.2 Europe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
- 8.3 Europe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size by Country
- 8.3.1 Europe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
- 8.3.2 Europe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
- 8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
- 9.1 Asia-Pacific Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
- 9.2 Asia-Pacific Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
- 9.3 Asia-Pacific Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size by Region
- 9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
- 9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
- 9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
- 10.1 South America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
- 10.2 South America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
- 10.3 South America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 South America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
- 10.3.2 South America Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
- 10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
- 11.1 Middle East & Africa Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
- 11.2 Middle East & Africa Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
- 11.3 Middle East & Africa Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Size by Country
- 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
- 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
- 11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
- 11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
- 12.1 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Drivers
- 12.2 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Market Restraints
- 12.3 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Trends Analysis
- 12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
- 12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
- 12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
- 12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
- 12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
- 12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
- 13.1 Raw Material of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor and Key Manufacturers
- 13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor
- 13.3 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Production Process
- 13.4 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
- 14.1 Sales Channel
- 14.1.1 Direct to End-User
- 14.1.2 Distributors
- 14.2 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Typical Distributors
- 14.3 Industrial Diesel Air Compressor Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
- 16.1 Methodology
- 16.2 Research Process and Data Source
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market size was valued at USD million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2029 with a CAGR of % during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Industrial diesel air compressors are designed for applications that require high CFM, with options over 1,800 CFM available. These air compressors are used to power large pneumatic tools and equipment or multiple large tools at a time.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Industrial Diesel Air Compressor
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include VMAC, Sullair, LLC, Avelair, Genelite and Sigma-Sensing, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Market Segmentation
Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Portable
Non Portable
Market segment by Application
Mechanical Engineering
Automotive
Aeronautics
Marine
Oil And Gas
Chemical Industrial
Medical
Electrical
Major players covered
VMAC
Sullair, LLC
Avelair
Genelite
Sigma-Sensing
Chicago Pneumatic
CAPS
Carolina Cat
Remeza JSC
Doosan
Clarke air
PowerLink
Emax Compressor
Field Air Compressors (Pty) Ltd
Compressor Maintenance Co
Mi-TM Corporation
FPS AIR COMPRESSORS
ELGi
Sollant
Viking Industrial Pty Ltd
Sollant Group
Jiangsu Minnuo Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
TEWATT
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Industrial Diesel Air Compressor competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Industrial Diesel Air Compressor breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Industrial Diesel Air Compressor market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Industrial Diesel Air Compressor.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Industrial Diesel Air Compressor sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.