Global Grinding Wheels Market Report 2019 - History, Present and Future
Table of Content
Table of Content
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Chapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
- 3.1 Research Scope
- 3.2 Research Methodology
- 3.2.1 Primary Sources
- 3.2.2 Secondary Sources
- 3.2.3 Assumptions
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
- 4.1 Market Overview
- 4.2 Classification/Types
- 4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Drivers
- 5.3 Restraints
- 5.4 Opportunities
- 5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
- 6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
- 6.2 Grinding Wheels Analysis
- 6.2.1 Technology Analysis
- 6.2.2 Cost Analysis
- 6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
- 6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
- 7.1 Latest News
- 7.2 Merger and Acquisition
- 7.3 Planned/Future Project
- 7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
- 8.1 Export of Grinding Wheels by Region
- 8.2 Import of Grinding Wheels by Region
- 8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Current Grinding Wheels in North America (2013-2018)
- 9.1 Grinding Wheels Supply
- 9.2 Grinding Wheels Demand by End Use
- 9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 9.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 9.5.1 US
- 9.5.2 Canada
- 9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Current Grinding Wheels in South America (2013-2018)
- 10.1 Grinding Wheels Supply
- 10.2 Grinding Wheels Demand by End Use
- 10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 10.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 10.5.1 Brazil
- 10.5.2 Argentina
- 10.5.3 Chile
- 10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Current Grinding Wheels in Asia & Pacific (2013-2018)
- 11.1 Grinding Wheels Supply
- 11.2 Grinding Wheels Demand by End Use
- 11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 11.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 11.5.1 China
- 11.5.2 India
- 11.5.3 Japan
- 11.5.4 South Korea
- 11.5.5 ASEAN
- 11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Current Grinding Wheels in Europe (2013-2018)
- 12.1 Grinding Wheels Supply
- 12.2 Grinding Wheels Demand by End Use
- 12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 12.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 12.5.1 Germany
- 12.5.2 France
- 12.5.3 UK
- 12.5.4 Italy
- 12.5.5 Spain
- 12.5.6 Belgium
- 12.5.7 Netherlands
- 12.5.8 Austria
- 12.5.9 Poland
- 12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Current Grinding Wheels in MEA (2013-2018)
- 13.1 Grinding Wheels Supply
- 13.2 Grinding Wheels Demand by End Use
- 13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
- 13.5 Key Countries Analysis
- 13.5.1 Egypt
- 13.5.2 Iran
- 13.5.3 Israel
- 13.5.4 South Africa
- 13.5.5 GCC
- 13.5.6 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary for Global Grinding Wheels (2013-2018)
- 14.1 Grinding Wheels Supply
- 14.2 Grinding Wheels Demand by End Use
- 14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Grinding Wheels Forecast (2019-2023)
- 15.1 Grinding Wheels Supply Forecast
- 15.2 Grinding Wheels Demand Forecast
- 15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
- 15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
- 16.1 Norton
- 16.1.1 Company Profile
- 16.1.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Norton
- 16.1.4 Norton Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.2 3M
- 16.2.1 Company Profile
- 16.2.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of 3M
- 16.2.4 3M Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.3 Kuretoishi
- 16.3.1 Company Profile
- 16.3.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Kuretoishi
- 16.3.4 Kuretoishi Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.4 Tyrolit Group
- 16.4.1 Company Profile
- 16.4.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Tyrolit Group
- 16.4.4 Tyrolit Group Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.5 DSA Products
- 16.5.1 Company Profile
- 16.5.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of DSA Products
- 16.5.4 DSA Products Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.6 Andre Abrasive
- 16.6.1 Company Profile
- 16.6.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Andre Abrasive
- 16.6.4 Andre Abrasive Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
- 16.7 SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels
- 16.7.1 Company Profile
- 16.7.2 Main Business and Grinding Wheels Information
- 16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels
- 16.7.4 SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels Grinding Wheels Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
......
......
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Grinding Wheels Report
Table Primary Sources of Grinding Wheels Report
Table Secondary Sources of Grinding Wheels Report
Table Major Assumptions of Grinding Wheels Report
Figure Grinding Wheels Picture
Table Grinding Wheels Classification
Table Grinding Wheels Applications List
Table Drivers of Grinding Wheels Market
Table Restraints of Grinding Wheels Market
Table Opportunities of Grinding Wheels Market
Table Threats of Grinding Wheels Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Grinding Wheels
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Grinding Wheels
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Grinding Wheels Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Grinding Wheels Market
Table Policy of Grinding Wheels Market
Table 2014-2024 Regional Export of Grinding Wheels
Table 2014-2024 Regional Import of Grinding Wheels
Table 2014-2024 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2014-2024 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2014-2024 North America Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 North America Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 North America Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 North America Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 North America Grinding Wheels Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 North America Grinding Wheels Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 North America Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 North America Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 US Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 US Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Canada Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Canada Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Mexico Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Mexico Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South America Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 South America Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 South America Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 South America Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 South America Grinding Wheels Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 South America Grinding Wheels Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 South America Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 South America Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 Brazil Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Brazil Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Argentina Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Argentina Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Chile Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Chile Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Peru Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Peru Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Asia & Pacific Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 China Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 China Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 India Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 India Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Japan Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Japan Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Korea Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Korea Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Grinding Wheels Import (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 ASEAN Grinding Wheels Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Australia Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Australia Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Europe Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 Europe Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 Europe Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 Europe Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Europe Grinding Wheels Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Europe Grinding Wheels Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 Europe Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Europe Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 Germany Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Germany Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 France Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 France Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 UK Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 UK Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Italy Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Italy Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Spain Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Spain Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Belgium Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Belgium Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Netherlands Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Netherlands Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Austria Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Austria Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Poland Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Poland Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Russia Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Russia Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 MEA Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Figure 2014-2024 MEA Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and CAGR
Figure 2014-2024 MEA Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) and CAGR
Table 2014-2024 MEA Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 MEA Grinding Wheels Key Players Sales (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 MEA Grinding Wheels Key Players Market Share List
Table 2014-2024 MEA Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 MEA Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List by Type
Table 2014-2024 Egypt Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Egypt Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Iran Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Iran Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Israel Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Israel Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Africa Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 South Africa Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 GCC Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 GCC Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Turkey Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) and Market Volume (Tons) List
Table 2014-2024 Turkey Grinding Wheels Import & Export (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Capacity (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production (Tons) List
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Production Value (M USD) and Growth Rate
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Global Grinding Wheels Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2014-2019 Regional Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Market Size (M USD) List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Market Volume (Tons) List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Capacity (Tons) List
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production (Tons) List
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Production Value (M USD) and Growth Rate
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Demand (Tons) List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Global Grinding Wheels Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2019-2024 Regional Grinding Wheels Price (USD/Ton) List
Table Norton Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Norton
Table 2014-2019 Norton Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Norton Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Norton Grinding Wheels Market Share
Table 3M Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of 3M
Table 2014-2019 3M Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 3M Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 3M Grinding Wheels Market Share
Table Kuretoishi Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Kuretoishi
Table 2014-2019 Kuretoishi Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Kuretoishi Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Kuretoishi Grinding Wheels Market Share
Table Tyrolit Group Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Tyrolit Group
Table 2014-2019 Tyrolit Group Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Tyrolit Group Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Tyrolit Group Grinding Wheels Market Share
Table DSA Products Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of DSA Products
Table 2014-2019 DSA Products Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 DSA Products Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 DSA Products Grinding Wheels Market Share
Table Andre Abrasive Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Andre Abrasive
Table 2014-2019 Andre Abrasive Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 Andre Abrasive Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 Andre Abrasive Grinding Wheels Market Share
Table SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels
Table 2014-2019 SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels Grinding Wheels Product Capacity Production (Tons) Price Cost (USD/Ton) Production Value (M USD) List
Figure 2014-2019 SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels Grinding Wheels Capacity Production (Tons) and Growth Rate
Figure 2014-2019 SHIN-EI Grinding Wheels Grinding Wheels Market Share
......
......
Description
The global market size of Grinding Wheels is $XX million in 2018 with XX CAGR from 2014 to 2018, and it is expected to reach $XX million by the end of 2024 with a CAGR of XX% from 2019 to 2024.
Global Grinding Wheels Market Report 2019 - Market Size, Share, Price, Trend and Forecast is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Grinding Wheels industry. The key insights of the report:
1.The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Grinding Wheels manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.
2.The report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology.
3.The report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2013-2018 market shares for key vendors.
4.The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis.
5.The report estimates 2019-2024 market development trends of Grinding Wheels industry.
6.Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out
7.The report makes some important proposals for a new project of Grinding Wheels Industry before evaluating its feasibility.
There are 4 key segments covered in this report: competitor segment, product type segment, end use/application segment and geography segment.
For competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Grinding Wheels as well as some small players. At least 13 companies are included:
* Norton
* 3M
* Kuretoishi
* Tyrolit Group
* DSA Products
* Andre Abrasive
For complete companies list, please ask for sample pages.
The information for each competitor includes:
* Company Profile
* Main Business Information
* SWOT Analysis
* Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
* Market Share
For product type segment, this report listed main product type of Grinding Wheels market
* Resinoid Bond Grinding Wheels
* Vitrified Bond Grinding Wheels
* Other
For end use/application segment, this report focuses on the status and outlook for key applications. End users sre also listed.
* Transport Industry
* Construction
* Bearing & Machinery
* Steel Industry
* Other
For geography segment, regional supply, application-wise and type-wise demand, major players, price is presented from 2013 to 2023. This report covers following regions:
* North America
* South America
* Asia & Pacific
* Europe
* MEA (Middle East and Africa)
The key countries in each region are taken into consideration as well, such as United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.
Reasons to Purchase this Report:
* Analyzing the outlook of the market with the recent trends and SWOT analysis
* Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
* Market segmentation analysis including qualitative and quantitative research incorporating the impact of economic and non-economic aspects
* Regional and country level analysis integrating the demand and supply forces that are influencing the growth of the market.
* Market value (USD Million) and volume (Units Million) data for each segment and sub-segment
* Competitive landscape involving the market share of major players, along with the new projects and strategies adopted by players in the past five years
* Comprehensive company profiles covering the product offerings, key financial information, recent developments, SWOT analysis, and strategies employed by the major market players
* 1-year analyst support, along with the data support in excel format.
We also can offer customized report to fulfill special requirements of our clients. Regional and Countries report can be provided as well.