Global Gaming Console Industry Market Research Report
Global Gaming Console Industry Market Research Report
1 Gaming Console Introduction and Market Overview
- 1.1 Objectives of the Study
- 1.2 Definition of Gaming Console
- 1.3 Gaming Console Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
- 1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
- 1.3.2 Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
- 1.4 Market Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Types of Gaming Console
- 1.4.2 Applications of Gaming Console
- 1.4.3 Research Regions
- 1.4.3.1 North America Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.2 Europe Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.3 China Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.4 Japan Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.5 Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.6 India Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.4.3.7 South America Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
- 1.5 Market Dynamics
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.5.1.1 Emerging Countries of Gaming Console
- 1.5.1.2 Growing Market of Gaming Console
- 1.5.2 Limitations
- 1.5.3 Opportunities
- 1.5.1 Drivers
- 1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
- 1.6.1 Industry News
- 1.6.2 Industry Policies
2 Industry Chain Analysis
- 2.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Gaming Console Analysis
- 2.2 Major Players of Gaming Console
- 2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Gaming Console in 2021
- 2.2.2 Major Players Product Types in 2021
- 2.3 Gaming Console Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
- 2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
- 2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Gaming Console
- 2.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Gaming Console
- 2.3.4 Labor Cost of Gaming Console
- 2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Gaming Console
- 2.5 Major Downstream Buyers of Gaming Console Analysis
3 Global Gaming Console Market, by Type
- 3.1 Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.2 Global Gaming Console Production and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.3 Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
- 3.4 Global Gaming Console Price Analysis by Type (2017-2022)
4 Gaming Console Market, by Application
- 4.1 Global Gaming Console Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
- 4.2 Downstream Buyers by Application
- 4.3 Global Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
5 Global Gaming Console Production, Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.1 Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.2 Global Gaming Console Production and Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
- 5.3 Global Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.4 North America Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.5 Europe Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.6 China Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.7 Japan Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.8 Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.9 India Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
- 5.10 South America Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6 Global Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.1 Global Gaming Console Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
- 6.2 North America Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.3 Europe Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.4 China Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.5 Japan Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.6 Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.7 India Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
- 6.8 South America Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
7 Global Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions
- 7.1 North America Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.2 Europe Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.3 China Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.4 Japan Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.5 Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.6 India Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
- 7.7 South America Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis
8 Competitive Landscape
- 8.1 Competitive Profile
- 8.2 Nintendo Co., Ltd
- 8.2.1 Company Profiles
- 8.2.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.2.3 Nintendo Co., Ltd Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.2.4 Nintendo Co., Ltd Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.3 Sega
- 8.3.1 Company Profiles
- 8.3.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.3.3 Sega Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.3.4 Sega Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.4 Atari
- 8.4.1 Company Profiles
- 8.4.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.4.3 Atari Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.4.4 Atari Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.5 BlueStacks
- 8.5.1 Company Profiles
- 8.5.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.5.3 BlueStacks Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.5.4 BlueStacks Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.6 Microsoft Corporation
- 8.6.1 Company Profiles
- 8.6.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.6.3 Microsoft Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.6.4 Microsoft Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.7 NVIDIA Corporation
- 8.7.1 Company Profiles
- 8.7.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.7.3 NVIDIA Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.7.4 NVIDIA Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.8 Logitech Inc
- 8.8.1 Company Profiles
- 8.8.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.8.3 Logitech Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.8.4 Logitech Inc Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.9 Valve Corporation
- 8.9.1 Company Profiles
- 8.9.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.9.3 Valve Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.9.4 Valve Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.10 Sony Corporation
- 8.10.1 Company Profiles
- 8.10.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.10.3 Sony Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.10.4 Sony Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.11 PlayJam
- 8.11.1 Company Profiles
- 8.11.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.11.3 PlayJam Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.11.4 PlayJam Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
- 8.12 OUYA Inc
- 8.12.1 Company Profiles
- 8.12.2 Gaming Console Product Introduction
- 8.12.3 OUYA Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
- 8.12.4 OUYA Inc Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
9 Global Gaming Console Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
- 9.1 Global Gaming Console Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Type (2022-2027)
- 9.1.1 Portable Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.1.2 Non-Portable Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2 Global Gaming Console Market Value ($) & Volume Forecast, by Application (2022-2027)
- 9.2.1 Household Use Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
- 9.2.2 Commercial Use Market Value ($) and Volume Forecast (2022-2027)
10 Gaming Console Market Analysis and Forecast by Region
- 10.1 North America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.2 Europe Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.3 China Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.4 Japan Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.5 Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.6 India Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
- 10.7 South America Market Value ($) and Consumption Forecast (2022-2027)
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
- 11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
- 11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Research Finding and Conclusion
13 Appendix
- 13.1 Discussion Guide
- 13.2 Knowledge Store: Maia Subscription Portal
- 13.3 Research Data Source
- 13.4 Research Assumptions and Acronyms Used
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Picture of Gaming Console
Table Product Specification of Gaming Console
Figure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Gaming Console
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2017-2027
Table Different Types of Gaming Console
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) Segment by Type from 2017-2022
Figure Portable Picture
Figure Non-Portable Picture
Table Different Applications of Gaming Console
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2017-2022
Figure Household Use Picture
Figure Commercial Use Picture
Table Research Regions of Gaming Console
Figure North America Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table China Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Japan Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table India Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America Gaming Console Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Emerging Countries of Gaming Console
Table Growing Market of Gaming Console
Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Gaming Console
Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Gaming Console with Contact Information
Table Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share ($) of Gaming Console in 2021
Table Major Players Gaming Console Product Types in 2021
Figure Production Process of Gaming Console
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Gaming Console
Figure Channel Status of Gaming Console
Table Major Distributors of Gaming Console with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Gaming Console with Contact Information
Table Global Gaming Console Value ($) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Production by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Production Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Growth Rate of Portable
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) and Growth Rate of Non-Portable
Figure Global Gaming Console Price by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Downstream Buyers Introduction by Application
Figure Global Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate of Household Use (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate of Commercial Use (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Value ($) by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Value ($) Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Production by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table North America Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table South America Gaming Console Production, Value ($), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Gaming Console Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table China Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Japan Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table India Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure North America Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure Europe Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Europe Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure China Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure China Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure Japan Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Japan Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure Middle East & Africa Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure India Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure India Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure South America Gaming Console Production and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate Analysis
Figure South America Gaming Console SWOT Analysis
Figure Top 3 Market Share of Gaming Console Companies
Figure Top 6 Market Share of Gaming Console Companies
Table Mergers, Acquisitions and Expansion Analysis
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Nintendo Co., Ltd Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Nintendo Co., Ltd Production and Growth Rate
Figure Nintendo Co., Ltd Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Nintendo Co., Ltd Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Sega Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Sega Production and Growth Rate
Figure Sega Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Sega Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Atari Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Atari Production and Growth Rate
Figure Atari Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Atari Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table BlueStacks Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure BlueStacks Production and Growth Rate
Figure BlueStacks Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure BlueStacks Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Microsoft Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Microsoft Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Microsoft Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Microsoft Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table NVIDIA Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure NVIDIA Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure NVIDIA Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure NVIDIA Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Logitech Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Logitech Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Logitech Inc Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Logitech Inc Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Valve Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Valve Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Valve Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Valve Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table Sony Corporation Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure Sony Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Sony Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Sony Corporation Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table PlayJam Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure PlayJam Production and Growth Rate
Figure PlayJam Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure PlayJam Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Company Profiles
Table Product Introduction
Table OUYA Inc Production, Value ($), Price, Gross Margin 2017-2022
Figure OUYA Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure OUYA Inc Value ($) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure OUYA Inc Market Share of Gaming Console Segmented by Region in 2021
Table Global Gaming Console Market Value ($) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Gaming Console Market Volume Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Gaming Console Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Portable (2022-2027)
Figure Global Gaming Console Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Portable (2022-2027)
Figure Global Gaming Console Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Non-Portable (2022-2027)
Figure Global Gaming Console Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Non-Portable (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Value ($) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table Global Market Volume Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure Global Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate of Household Use (2017-2022)
Figure Global Gaming Console Consumption and Growth Rate of Commercial Use (2017-2022)
Figure Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Commercial Use (2022-2027)
Figure Market Volume and Growth Rate Forecast of Commercial Use (2022-2027)
Figure North America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table North America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Europe Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure China Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table China Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Japan Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East & Africa Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table Middle East & Africa Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure India Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table India Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure South America Market Value ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Table South America Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis
Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis
Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery
The Gaming Console market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Gaming Console industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Gaming Console market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Gaming Console market.
The Gaming Console market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Gaming Console market are:
Nintendo Co., Ltd
Sega
Atari
BlueStacks
Microsoft Corporation
NVIDIA Corporation
Logitech Inc
Valve Corporation
Sony Corporation
PlayJam
OUYA Inc
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Gaming Console market are:
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Middle East & Africa
India
South America
Others
Most important types of Gaming Console products covered in this report are:
Portable
Non-Portable
Most widely used downstream fields of Gaming Console market covered in this report are:
Household Use
Commercial Use
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Gaming Console market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Gaming Console Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Gaming Console Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Gaming Console.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Gaming Console.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Gaming Console by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Gaming Console Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Gaming Console Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Gaming Console.
Chapter 9: Gaming Console Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.