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Global Centrifugal Pump Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2024

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Table of Contents

    1 Market Overview

    • 1.1 Centrifugal Pump Introduction
    • 1.2 Market Analysis by Type
      • 1.2.1 Axial Flow Pumps
      • 1.2.2 Mixed/Radial Flow Pumps
      • 1.2.3 Peripheral Pumps
      • 1.2.4 Jet Pumps
    • 1.3 Market Analysis by Applications
      • 1.3.1 Domestic water and wastewater
      • 1.3.2 Petroleum industry
      • 1.3.3 Chemical industry
      • 1.3.4 Food and beverage
      • 1.3.5 Mining industry
      • 1.3.6 Others
    • 1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
      • 1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
        • 1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
      • 1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
        • 1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
      • 1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
        • 1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
      • 1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa
        • 1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
        • 1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)
    • 1.5 Market Dynamics
      • 1.5.1 Market Opportunities
      • 1.5.2 Market Risk
      • 1.5.3 Market Driving Force

    2 Manufacturers Profiles

    • 2.1 Grundfos
      • 2.1.1 Business Overview
      • 2.1.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.1.2.1 Product A
        • 2.1.2.2 Product B
      • 2.1.3 Grundfos Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.2 Flowserve
      • 2.2.1 Business Overview
      • 2.2.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.2.2.1 Product A
        • 2.2.2.2 Product B
      • 2.2.3 Flowserve Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.3 ITT
      • 2.3.1 Business Overview
      • 2.3.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.3.2.1 Product A
        • 2.3.2.2 Product B
      • 2.3.3 ITT Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.4 KSB
      • 2.4.1 Business Overview
      • 2.4.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.4.2.1 Product A
        • 2.4.2.2 Product B
      • 2.4.3 KSB Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.5 Sulzer
      • 2.5.1 Business Overview
      • 2.5.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.5.2.1 Product A
        • 2.5.2.2 Product B
      • 2.5.3 Sulzer Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.6 Ebara
      • 2.6.1 Business Overview
      • 2.6.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.6.2.1 Product A
        • 2.6.2.2 Product B
      • 2.6.3 Ebara Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.7 Schlumberger
      • 2.7.1 Business Overview
      • 2.7.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.7.2.1 Product A
        • 2.7.2.2 Product B
      • 2.7.3 Schlumberger Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.8 Weir Group
      • 2.8.1 Business Overview
      • 2.8.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.8.2.1 Product A
        • 2.8.2.2 Product B
      • 2.8.3 Weir Group Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.9 Wilo AG
      • 2.9.1 Business Overview
      • 2.9.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.9.2.1 Product A
        • 2.9.2.2 Product B
      • 2.9.3 Wilo AG Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.10 Idex
      • 2.10.1 Business Overview
      • 2.10.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.10.2.1 Product A
        • 2.10.2.2 Product B
      • 2.10.3 Idex Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.11 Pentair
      • 2.11.1 Business Overview
      • 2.11.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.11.2.1 Product A
        • 2.11.2.2 Product B
      • 2.11.3 Pentair Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.12 Clyde Union
      • 2.12.1 Business Overview
      • 2.12.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.12.2.1 Product A
        • 2.12.2.2 Product B
      • 2.12.3 Clyde Union Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.13 Vano
      • 2.13.1 Business Overview
      • 2.13.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.13.2.1 Product A
        • 2.13.2.2 Product B
      • 2.13.3 Vano Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.14 Atlas Copco
      • 2.14.1 Business Overview
      • 2.14.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.14.2.1 Product A
        • 2.14.2.2 Product B
      • 2.14.3 Atlas Copco Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.15 DAB
      • 2.15.1 Business Overview
      • 2.15.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.15.2.1 Product A
        • 2.15.2.2 Product B
      • 2.15.3 DAB Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.16 FNS Pumps
      • 2.16.1 Business Overview
      • 2.16.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.16.2.1 Product A
        • 2.16.2.2 Product B
      • 2.16.3 FNS Pumps Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.17 Allweiler
      • 2.17.1 Business Overview
      • 2.17.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.17.2.1 Product A
        • 2.17.2.2 Product B
      • 2.17.3 Allweiler Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.18 Shanghai Kaiquan
      • 2.18.1 Business Overview
      • 2.18.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.18.2.1 Product A
        • 2.18.2.2 Product B
      • 2.18.3 Shanghai Kaiquan Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.19 FengQiu
      • 2.19.1 Business Overview
      • 2.19.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.19.2.1 Product A
        • 2.19.2.2 Product B
      • 2.19.3 FengQiu Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.20 Shandong Sure Boshan
      • 2.20.1 Business Overview
      • 2.20.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.20.2.1 Product A
        • 2.20.2.2 Product B
      • 2.20.3 Shandong Sure Boshan Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.21 LEO
      • 2.21.1 Business Overview
      • 2.2.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.21.2.1 Product A
        • 2.21.2.2 Product B
      • 2.21.3 LEO Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.22 CNP
      • 2.22.1 Business Overview
      • 2.22.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.22.2.1 Product A
        • 2.22.2.2 Product B
      • 2.22.3 CNP Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.23 Sanlian Pump Group
      • 2.23.1 Business Overview
      • 2.23.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.23.2.1 Product A
        • 2.23.2.2 Product B
      • 2.23.3 Sanlian Pump Group Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.24 Hunan Changbeng
      • 2.24.1 Business Overview
      • 2.24.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.24.2.1 Product A
        • 2.24.2.2 Product B
      • 2.24.3 Hunan Changbeng Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.25 Shanghai East Pump
      • 2.25.1 Business Overview
      • 2.25.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.25.2.1 Product A
        • 2.25.2.2 Product B
      • 2.25.3 Shanghai East Pump Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)
    • 2.26 Shandong Shuanglun
      • 2.26.1 Business Overview
      • 2.26.2 Centrifugal Pump Type and Applications
        • 2.26.2.1 Product A
        • 2.26.2.2 Product B
      • 2.26.3 Shandong Shuanglun Centrifugal Pump Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018)

    3 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer (2017-2018)

    • 3.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
    • 3.2 Global Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018)
    • 3.3 Market Concentration Rate
      • 3.3.1 Top 3 Centrifugal Pump Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
      • 3.3.2 Top 6 Centrifugal Pump Manufacturer Market Share in 2018
    • 3.4 Market Competition Trend

    4 Global Centrifugal Pump Market Analysis by Regions

    • 4.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
      • 4.1.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
      • 4.1.2 Global Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
    • 4.2 North America Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 4.3 Europe Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 4.4 Asia-Pacific Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 4.5 South America Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 4.6 Middle East and Africa Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

    5 North America Centrifugal Pump by Country

    • 5.1 North America Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
      • 5.1.1 North America Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
      • 5.1.2 North America Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
    • 5.2 United States Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 5.3 Canada Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 5.4 Mexico Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

    6 Europe Centrifugal Pump by Country

    • 6.1 Europe Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
      • 6.1.1 Europe Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
      • 6.1.2 Europe Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
    • 6.2 Germany Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 6.3 UK Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 6.4 France Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 6.5 Russia Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 6.6 Italy Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

    7 Asia-Pacific Centrifugal Pump by Country

    • 7.1 Asia-Pacific Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
      • 7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
      • 7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
    • 7.2 China Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 7.3 Japan Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 7.4 Korea Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 7.5 India Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 7.6 Southeast Asia Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

    8 South America Centrifugal Pump by Country

    • 8.1 South America Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
      • 8.1.1 South America Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
      • 8.1.2 South America Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
    • 8.2 Brazil Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 8.3 Argentina Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 8.4 Colombia Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

    9 Middle East and Africa Centrifugal Pump by Countries

    • 9.1 Middle East and Africa Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country
      • 9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
      • 9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019)
    • 9.2 Saudi Arabia Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 9.3 Turkey Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 9.4 Egypt Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 9.5 Nigeria Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)
    • 9.6 South Africa Centrifugal Pump Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

    10 Global Centrifugal Pump Market Segment by Type

    • 10.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
      • 10.1.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
      • 10.1.2 Global Centrifugal Pump Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
    • 10.2 Axial Flow Pumps Sales Growth and Price
      • 10.2.1 Global Axial Flow Pumps Sales Growth (2014-2019)
      • 10.2.2 Global Axial Flow Pumps Price (2014-2019)
    • 10.3 Mixed/Radial Flow Pumps Sales Growth and Price
      • 10.3.1 Global Mixed/Radial Flow Pumps Sales Growth (2014-2019)
      • 10.3.2 Global Mixed/Radial Flow Pumps Price (2014-2019)
    • 10.4 Peripheral Pumps Sales Growth and Price
      • 10.4.1 Global Peripheral Pumps Sales Growth (2014-2019)
      • 10.4.2 Global Peripheral Pumps Price (2014-2019)
    • 10.5 Jet Pumps Sales Growth and Price
      • 10.5.1 Global Jet Pumps Sales Growth (2014-2019)
      • 10.5.2 Global Jet Pumps Price (2014-2019)

    11 Global Centrifugal Pump Market Segment by Application

    • 11.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
    • 11.2 Domestic water and wastewater Sales Growth (2014-2019)
    • 11.3 Petroleum industry Sales Growth (2014-2019)
    • 11.4 Chemical industry Sales Growth (2014-2019)
    • 11.5 Food and beverage Sales Growth (2014-2019)
    • 11.6 Mining industry Sales Growth (2014-2019)
    • 11.7 Others Sales Growth (2014-2019)

    12 Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast (2019-2024)

    • 12.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
    • 12.2 Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2024)
      • 12.2.1 North America Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast (2019-2024)
      • 12.2.2 Europe Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast (2019-2024)
      • 12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast (2019-2024)
      • 12.2.4 South America Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast (2019-2024)
      • 12.2.5 Middle East and Africa Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast (2019-2024)
    • 12.3 Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
      • 12.3.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
      • 12.3.2 Global Centrifugal Pump Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024)
    • 12.4 Centrifugal Pump Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
      • 12.4.1 Global Centrifugal Pump Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024)
      • 12.4.2 Global Centrifugal Pump Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024)

    13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers

    • 13.1 Sales Channel
      • 13.1.1 Direct Marketing
      • 13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
      • 13.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend
    • 13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers

    14 Research Findings and Conclusion

      15 Appendix

      • 15.1 Methodology

      Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits. Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping.

      Scope of the Report:
      China is the dominate producer of centrifugal pump, the production was 89199 K Unit in 2015, accounting for about 58.19% of the total amount, followed by Europe, with the production market share of 17.94%. And China expected to remain the regions with the largest growth potential in the forecast period. Even though a huge space for growth in the Chinese market exists, the quality and technology should be further improved.

      At present, in the foreign industrial developed countries the centrifugal pump industry is generally at a more advanced level, the world's large enterprises are mainly concentrated in the Europe and North America, etc. accounted for most of the international market share. Meanwhile, these companies have more advanced equipment, strong R&D capabilities; the technical level is in a leading position. But foreign companies’ manufacturing cost is relatively high, compared with Chinese companies, the manufacturing cost is competitive disadvantage, as the Chinese centrifugal pump production enterprise technology continues to improve, their share in the international market is increasing, competitiveness in the international market gradually increase.

      The industrial concentration of the whole industry is generally lower. Manufacturers are distributed around the world. Leading players in centrifugal pump industry are Grundfos, KSB, Sulzer, Ebara. Grundfos is the largest manufacturer, with the production market share of 2.59% in 2015. The top four companies occupied about 7.56% production share of the market in 2015.

      Domestic water and wastewater accounted for the largest market with about 36.10% of the global consumption volume for centrifugal pump in 2015. Moreover, it is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 2.94% from 2017 to 2022. With over 27.79% share in the centrifugal pump market, petroleum industry was the second largest application market in 2015, and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 4.69%, in terms of consumption volume, from 2017 to 2022.

      Under the influence of raw material, market competitions and economic conditions, the price of centrifugal pump was lower year by year from 195 USD/Unit in 2011 to 180 USD/Unit in 2015. The profit margin is relatively high, about 33.51% in 2015, and was also descends in recent years. In the next few years, we predict that price will continue to decline. As competition intensifies, prices gap between different brands will go narrowing.

      The worldwide market for Centrifugal Pump is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 2.5% over the next five years, will reach 33500 million US$ in 2024, from 28800 million US$ in 2019, according to a new GIR (Global Info Research) study.
      This report focuses on the Centrifugal Pump in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.

      Market Segment by Manufacturers, this report covers
      Grundfos
      Flowserve
      ITT
      KSB
      Sulzer
      Ebara
      Schlumberger
      Weir Group
      Wilo AG
      Idex
      Pentair
      Clyde Union
      Vano
      Atlas Copco
      DAB
      FNS Pumps
      Allweiler
      Shanghai Kaiquan
      FengQiu
      Shandong Sure Boshan
      LEO
      CNP
      Sanlian Pump Group
      Hunan Changbeng
      Shanghai East Pump
      Shandong Shuanglun

      Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers
      North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
      Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
      Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
      South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)
      Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

      Market Segment by Type, covers
      Axial Flow Pumps
      Mixed/Radial Flow Pumps
      Peripheral Pumps
      Jet Pumps

      Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into
      Domestic water and wastewater
      Petroleum industry
      Chemical industry
      Food and beverage
      Mining industry
      Others

      The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
      Chapter 1, to describe Centrifugal Pump product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.
      Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Centrifugal Pump, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Centrifugal Pump in 2017 and 2018.
      Chapter 3, the Centrifugal Pump competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
      Chapter 4, the Centrifugal Pump breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2014 to 2019.
      Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales, revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2014 to 2019.
      Chapter 10 and 11, to segment the sales by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2014 to 2019.
      Chapter 12, Centrifugal Pump market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2019 to 2024.
      Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Centrifugal Pump sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.

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