1 ANIMAL MODEL SERVICES GLOBAL MARKET 13

• 1.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13

2 MARKET ANALYSIS 15

• 2.1 FACTORS INFLUENCING MARKET 15
  • 2.1.1 DRIVERS AND OPPORTUNITIES 16
    • 2.1.1.1 Need for preclinical studies for the approval of therapeutics 16
    • 2.1.1.2 Complexity of biologics makes animal testing very important for safety data 16
    • 2.1.1.3 Increased Investment in R&D by pharmaceutical companies is increasing the outsourcing 17
    • 2.1.1.4 Genetic engineering advancements in the resent years will increase the use of animal models 18
    • 2.1.1.5 Requirement of novel biologics therapeutics for certain diseases 19
  • 2.1.2 RESTRAINTS AND THREATS 19
    • 2.1.2.1 High cost of animal studies 19
    • 2.1.2.2 Requirement of large number of animals for most studies 20
    • 2.1.2.3 Ethical concerns and stringent regulations 20
    • 2.1.2.4 Threat from alternatives 21

  3 ANIMAL MODEL SERVICES 23

  • 3.1 INTRODUCTION 23
    • 3.1.1 Comparison Matrix of Animal Models and Applications 26
    • 3.1.2 Small Animal models 30
    • 3.1.3 Large Animal models 32
  • 3.2 ETHICS AND REGULATIONS 36
  • 3.3 ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL MODELS 38
  • 3.4 OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL MODELS 40
  • 3.5 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS 50
  • 3.6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 51
  • 3.7 COMPANY DEVELOPMENTS 62

  4 COMPANY PROFILES 71

  • 4.1 ADVINUS THERAPEUTICS 71
    • 4.1.1 OVERVIEW 71
    • 4.1.2 FINANCIALS 71
    • 4.1.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 72
    • 4.1.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 78
    • 4.1.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 79
  • 4.2 BEIJING VITAL STAR BIOTECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 80
    • 4.2.1 OVERVIEW 80
    • 4.2.2 FINANCIALS 80
    • 4.2.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 80
    • 4.2.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 81
    • 4.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 82
  • 4.3 CHARLES RIVER LABORATORIES 83
    • 4.3.1 OVERVIEW 83
    • 4.3.2 FINANCIALS 85
    • 4.3.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 88
    • 4.3.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 89
    • 4.3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 91
  • 4.4 CROWN BIOSCIENCES 92
    • 4.4.1 OVERVIEW 92
    • 4.4.2 FINANCIALS 93
    • 4.4.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 93
    • 4.4.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 93
    • 4.4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 96
  • 4.5 ENVIGO 97
    • 4.5.1 OVERVIEW 97
    • 4.5.2 FINANCIALS 97
    • 4.5.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 98
    • 4.5.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 98
    • 4.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 100
  • 4.6 GENOWAY 101
    • 4.6.1 OVERVIEW 101
    • 4.6.2 FINANCIALS 102
    • 4.6.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 103
    • 4.6.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 104
    • 4.6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 104
  • 4.7 HORIZON DISCOVERY GROUP, PLC 105
    • 4.7.1 OVERVIEW 105
    • 4.7.2 FINANCIALS 107
    • 4.7.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 109
    • 4.7.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 111
    • 4.7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 112
  • 4.8 JACKSON LABORATORY 113
    • 4.8.1 OVERVIEW 113
    • 4.8.2 FINANCIALS 114
    • 4.8.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 114
    • 4.8.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 115
    • 4.8.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 117
  • 4.9 PHARMALEGACY BIOTECHNOLOGY 118
    • 4.9.1 OVERVIEW 118
    • 4.9.2 FINANCIALS 119
    • 4.9.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 119
    • 4.9.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 123
    • 4.9.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 124
  • 4.10 PHARMARON 125
    • 4.10.1 OVERVIEW 125
    • 4.10.2 FINANCIALS 126
    • 4.10.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 126
    • 4.10.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 126
    • 4.10.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 128
  • 4.11 PSYCHOGENICS INC 129
    • 4.11.1 OVERVIEW 129
    • 4.11.2 FINANCIALS 130
    • 4.11.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 130
    • 4.11.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 131
    • 4.11.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 133
  • 4.12 SHANGHAI MEDICILON 134
    • 4.12.1 OVERVIEW 134
    • 4.12.2 FINANCIALS 134
    • 4.12.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 135
    • 4.12.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 135
    • 4.12.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 136
  • 4.13 SOBRAN INC 137
    • 4.13.1 OVERVIEW 137
    • 4.13.2 FINANCIALS 137
    • 4.13.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 138
    • 4.13.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 139
    • 4.13.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 140
  • 4.14 SYNGENE INTERNATIONAL 141
    • 4.14.1 OVERVIEW 141
    • 4.14.2 FINANCIALS 143
    • 4.14.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 145
    • 4.14.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 147
    • 4.14.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 148
  • 4.15 TACONIC BIOSCIENCES 149
    • 4.15.1 OVERVIEW 149
    • 4.15.2 FINANCIALS 149
    • 4.15.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 150
    • 4.15.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 151
    • 4.15.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 153
  • 4.16 WUXI APPTEC 154
    • 4.16.1 OVERVIEW 154
    • 4.16.2 FINANCIALS 155
    • 4.16.3 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 156
    • 4.16.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 156

The animal models services global market is expected to grow at single digit CAGR to reach $962.2 million by 2025. For hundreds of years, almost every medical breakthrough in human and animal health has been the result of research using animals. Animals in research are essential for the development of new and more effective methods for diagnosis and treatment of diseases that affect both humans and animals. Animals are used to learn more about health problems, and to assure the safety of new medical treatments.
Classical pharmacological models or animal models are used as a mandatory element in preclinical (toxicological and pharmacological) studies of new drugs. Although in recent years, the replacement of animal testing and animal models with in-vitro models has been increasingly introduced into practice, according to the modern manuals of pharmaco-toxicological preclinical study, some animal studies still remain compulsory.
For approval of the first phase clinical trials it is mandatory to submit preclinical pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic findings. Toxicology testing provides information about the conditions under which potentially useful for humans drugs may become toxic. These tests are used to assess the possible adverse reactions and the nature of the target organ. Other tests for determining the dosage range which define: the maximum dose at which no adverse effects are noticed; the lowest observed adverse effect level; the maximum feasible/tolerated dose (MFD/MTD), the therapeutic index as a ratio between LD50/ED50 also use animals at the preclinical stage. These animal studies are compared and extrapolated to determine relevant data for humans based on the animal species similarity to humans. Prior to testing in humans, results from animal models allow solely the formation of the untested hypothesis of human response. For example, if a compound shows lowering blood pressure activity in rats, the chances of such activity in humans are high. However, these approaches use of relatively large quantities of the new compound (usually around 5 g), and the required time and money. Furthermore, they also provide little or no information about the molecular mechanisms behind the observed effects.
Animal model studies have also been seen as an approach towards accidental discovery of drug effects discovered in clinical practice. For example, the diuretic effect of sulphanilamide and acetazolamide as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; making them suitable for discovery of new biologics, as biologics are complex large compounds that are sometimes not well understood at molecular level. Animal models are biologically similar to humans and share a common physiology. They have a shorter life cycle making it convenient for study. Also, it is easy to control the animal environment, unlike that of humans. The success of animal model depends on animal model selection, which again depends on the species, breeds and strains, which have close resemblance with the humans.